Friday, February 22, 2008
DOOSRI RADHA -TERA MERA RISHTA ADHA-COMBAT HONESTY WITH LIFE TIME
http://picasaweb.google.com/smills88/HannahPuppyKitten/
Radha waiting to see DGP, Uttar Pradesh in the Headquarters in full make-up
http://www.dial100dotcom.worldbreak.com/photo3.html
The feminine expressions of Inspector General of Police Mr. Panda, who went frustrated as he was denied promotion. Here he is waiting to see the DGP of the state in full make-up as Doosri Radha. See the fate of honest IPS officers who do not have resources and influences to fight for their dues.
http://rapidshare.com/files/94369784/
An_Evaluation_of_Credibility_of_
Forensic_Psychology_in-3.ppt.html
CREDITS FOR THE ABOVE RESEARCH GOES TO:-
1.MY GRANDFATHER -LATE SHRI NATHU SHAH DHODY -ACCOUNTS -AOC ARMY ORDNANCE CORPS -SENIOR MANAGEMENT; KHAMARIA .JABALPUR.MADHYA PRADESH.
2.MY FATHER LATE -SHRI JAGDISH CHANDRA DHODY,SENIOR MANAGEMENT -UNITED INDIA INSURANCE COMPANY LTD..TAMILNADU.
3.JUSTICE ADHIKARI OF MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT JABALPUR WHO LOST HIS LIFE IN THIS ENDEAVOR AND BEQUEATHED THE LEGACY OF THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT OF 1872 TO THE NATION.
http://mphighcourt.nic.in/history_mp.htm
On 1st of November 1956 the States Reorganization Act was enacted. The new state of Madhya Pradesh was constituted under S.9 thereof. Subsection (1) of Section 49 of the States Re-organization Act ordained that from the appointed day i.e., 1st of November 1956, the High Court exercising jurisdiction, in relation to the existing state of Madhya Pradesh, i.e. Nagpur High Court, shall be deemed to be the High Court for the present state of Madhya Pradesh. Thus Nagpur High Court was not abolished but by a legal fiction it became High Court for the new state of Madhya Pradesh with its seat at Jabalpur.
4.Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s
See full-size image.
www.albionmonitor.com/0202a/indiapipelines.jpg
341 x 335 – 25k
http://www.albionmonitor.com/0202a/enroncoverup.html
http://samueljscott.wordpress.com/2007/09/24/ahmadinejad-at-columbia/Forget Iran’s proxy wars against the United States and Israel. Forget Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s Islamic fundamentalism that borders on dangerous insanity. Forget his expressed desire for the destruction of Israel. Forget his denials of his government’s abuses of human rights. I want to focus on one question: Should Columbia University have invited the Iranian president to speak today? It’s a issue that involves academic integrity and, of course, politics.
5.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maihar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:View_from_Sharda_temple_Maihar1.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sharada_Temple_Maihar.JPG
http://www.centurycement.co.in/
6.MY SON ANEESH WHOSE BIRTH DATE TOTAL -13+1+1+9+9+0=6
7.THE DELHI UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SYSTEM AND STAFF.
8.THE DELHI POLICE UNDER MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS.
http://www.delhipolice.nic.in/home/history.htm
10-GLOBAL TERRORIST OUR PM SHRI MANMOHAN SINGH JI.
11.T-SERIES ; WITH ITS LIFE SAVING BHAJANS AND SOUL RELIEF
http://www.t-series.com/index.asp
Suspended Dy. Police Commissioner Pradeep Sawant of Mumbai Crime Branch.
Most popular officer who fell pray to the jealousy of the IPAsses who could not stand his popularity. He was arrested in the Telgi scam. He rose to the post of DCP, Crime Branch from the post of ACP, crime branch, the most rarest example in the history of Mumbai Police. He amshed the Mumbai underworld with a firm hand and was the major inspiring source for encounter specialists. Presently he is on bail.
R.S.Sharma, former police commissioner of Mumbai and Pune.
http://www.geocities.com/organizedcrimesyndicates/rajan.html
http://abtak56.indiatimes.com/underworld.htm
http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/feb/20mum1.htm
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See full-size image. Pakistan captainInzamam-ul-Haq
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Most efficient and popular among colleagues and subordinates. This man taught the crime branch about perfect encounter deaths, paperwork, information network. But, alas, he too felt helpless when an uneducated roadsider like Abdul Karim Telgi manged Mr. Sharma’s superiors and compelled Mr. Sharma to shower some very illegal favours.Mr. Sharma was arrested under stringent MOCCA Act in he same FIR in which he had arrested Telgi. Presently he is on bail.
Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى ‘Īd ul-’Aḍḥā) is a religious festival celebrated by Muslims and Druze worldwide as a commemoration of Ibrahim’s (Abraham’s) willingness to sacrifice his son, as commanded by Allah. (Muslim tradition names Ishmael as the son who was to be sacrificed, whereas the Judeo-Christian tradition names Isaac.) It is one of two Eid festivals celebrated by Muslims, whose basis comes from the Quran.[1] (Muslims in Iran celebrate a third, non-denominational Eid.) Like Eid el-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha begins with a short prayer followed by a sermon (khuṭba).
Eid ul-Adha annually falls on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar. The festivities last for two to three days or more depending on the country. Eid ul-Adha occurs the day after the pilgrims conducting Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide, descend from Mount Arafat. It happens to be approximately 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan.
KALRA KI MA DUS JUNE 1984 KO SCOOTER SE GIRKAR MAR GAYI YAH PHIR NEEND KI GOLI DEKAR ,SCOOTER PAR BATHIKAR MAAR DALI GAYI.
INDIRA GANDHI WAS ASSASSINATED BY SIKHS OF LUDHIANA OSWALD , ON 31ST OCTOBER 1984;EXACTLY ON THE SAME DAY THAT HARAMI KA PILLA DAYANAND DIED IN 1883 .
PLEASE SEE AS PER NATIONALIZATION OF BANKS
Act Name : THE INDUSTRIES (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1951 1*
Act title : ACT NO. 65 OF 1951
Enactment date : [31st October, 1951.]
Download full act
THE INDUSTRIES (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1951 1* ACT NO. 65 OF 1951 [31st October, 1951.] An Act to provide for the development and regulation of certain industries. BE it enacted by Parliament as follows:-- CHAP PRELIMINARY CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY 1. Short title, extent and commencement. 1. Short title, extent and commencement. (1) This Act may be called the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951. (2) It extends to the whole of India 2***. (3) It shall come into force on such date 3* as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 2. Declaration as to expediency of control by the Union. 2. Declaration as to expediency of control by the Union. It is hereby declared that it is expedient in the public interest that the Union should take under its control the industries specified in the First Schedule. 3. Definitions. 3. Definitions. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-- (a) "Advisory Council" means the Central Advisory Council established under section 5; 4*[(aa) "ancillary industrial undertaking" means an industrial undertaking which, in accordance with the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 11B and the requirements specified under that sub-section, is entitled to be regarded as an ancillary industrial undertaking for the purposes of this Act;] 5*[4[(ab)] "current assets" means bank balances and cash and includes such other assets or reserves as are expected to be realised in cash or sold or consumed within a period of not more than twelve months in the ordinary course of business, such as, ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. This Act has been extended to Goa, Daman and Diu (with modifications) by Reg. 12 of 1962, s. 3 and Sch., to Dadra and Nagar Haveli (w.e.f. 1-7-1965) by Reg. 6 of 1963, s. 2 and Sch. I and to Pondicherry (w.e.f. 1-10-1963) by Reg. 7 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch. I. Extended to and brought into force in the State of Sikkim w.e.f. 5-3-1983: vide Notifn. No. S.O. 163(E), dated 2-3-1983 (with modifications) 2. The words "except the State of Jammu and Kashmir" omitted by Act 51 of 1961, s. 2. 3. 8th May, 1952, vide Notification No. S.R.O. 811, dated the 8th May, 1952, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. II, Sec. 3, p. 539. 15th February, 1962, in respect of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; vide Notification No. S.O. 458'IDRA'1'1'62, dated 7th February, 1962, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. II. Sec. 3(ii), p. 385. 4. Re-lettered and ins. by Act 4 of 1984, s. 2 (w.e.f. 12-1-1984) 5. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 94 stock-in-trade, amounts due from sundry debtors for sale of goods and for services rendered, advance tax payments and bills receivable, but does not include sums credited to a provident fund, a pension fund, a gratuity fund or any other fund for the welfare of the employees, maintained by a company owning an industrial undertaking; 1*[(ac)] "current liabilities" means liabilities which must be met on demand or within a period of twelve months from the date they are incurred; and includes any current liability which is suspended under section 18FB;] (b) "Development Council" means a Development Council established under section 6; 2*[(bb) "existing industrial undertaking" means-- (a) in the case of an industrial undertaking pertaining to any of the industries specified in the First Schedule as originally enacted, an industrial undertaking which was in existence on the commencement of this Act or for the establishment of which effective steps had been taken before such commencement, and (b) in the case of an industrial undertaking pertaining to any of the industries added to the First Schedule by an amendment thereof, an industrial undertaking which is in existence on the coming into force of such amendment or for the establishment of which effective steps had been taken before the coming into force of such amendment;] (c) "factory" means any premises, including the precincts thereof, in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on or is ordinarily so carried on-- (i) with the aid of power, provided that fifty or more workers are working or were working thereon on any day of the preceding twelve months; or (ii) without the aid of power, provided that one hundred or more workers are working or were working thereon on any day of the preceding twelve month and provided further that in no part of such premises any manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power; 3*[(cc) "High Court" means the High Court having jurisdiction in relation to the place at which the registered office of a company is situate;] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Re-lettered by Act 4 of 1984, s. 2 (w.e.f. 12-1-1984) 2. Ins. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 2. 3. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 2. (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 95 (d) "industrial undertaking" means any undertaking pertaining to a scheduled industry carried on in one or more factories by any person or authority including Government; 1*[(dd) "new article", in relation to an industrial undertaking which is registered or in respect of which a licence or permission has been issued under this Act, means-- (a) any article which falls under an item in the First Schedule other than the item under which articles ordinarily manufactured or produced in the industrial undertaking at the date of registration or issue of the licence or permission, as the case may be, fall; (b) any article which bears a mark as defined in the Trade Marks Act, 1940 2* (5 of 1940), or which is the subject of a patent, if at the date of registration or issue of the licence or permission, as the case may be, the industrial undertaking was not manufacturing or producing such article bearing that mark or which is the subject of that patent.] (e) "notified order" means an order notified in the Official Gazette; (f) "owner", in relation to an industrial undertaking means the person who, or the authority which, has the ultimate control over the affairs of the undertaking, and, where the said affairs are entrusted to a manager, managing director or managing agent, such manager, managing director or managing agent shall be deemed to be the owner of the undertaking; (g) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (h) "Schedule" means a Schedule to this Act; (i) "scheduled industry" means any of the industries specified in the First Schedule. 3*[(j) "small scale industrial undertaking" means an industrial undertaking which, in accordance with the requirements specified under sub-section (1) of section 11B, is entitled to be regarded as a small scale industrial undertaking for the purposes of this Act;] 4*[3*[(k)] words and expressions used herein but not defined in this Act and defined in the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), have the meanings respectively assigned to them in that Act.]. 4. Saving. 4. [Saving.] Rep. by the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1953 (26 of 1953), s. 3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 2. 2. See now the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958). 3. Re-lettered and ins. by Act 4 of 1984, s. 2 (w.e.f. 12-1-1984). 4. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 96 CHAP THE CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCILS CHAPTER II THE CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCILS 5. Establishment and constitution of Central Advisory Council and itsfunctions. 5. Establishment and constitution of Central Advisory Council and its functions. (1) For the purpose of advising it on matters concerning the development and regulation of scheduled industries, the Central Government may, by notified order, establish a Council to be called the Central Advisory Council. (2) The Advisory Council shall consist of a Chairman and such other members, not exceeding thirty in number, all of whom shall be appointed by the Central Government from among persons who are in its opinion capable of representing the interests of-- (a) owners of industrial undertakings in scheduled industries; (b) persons employed in industrial undertakings in scheduled industries; (c) consumers of goods manufactured or produced by scheduled industries; (d) such other class of persons including primary producers, as in the opinion of the Central Government, ought to be represented on the Advisory Council. (3) The term of office of, the procedure to be followed in the discharge of their functions by, and the manner of filling casual vacancies among members of the Advisory Council, shall be such as may be prescribed. (4) The Central Government shall consult the Advisory Council in regard to-- (a) the making of any rules, other than the first rules to be made under sub-section (3); 1* * * * * and may consult the Advisory Council in regard to any other matter connected with the administration of this Act in respect of which the Central Government may consider it necessary to obtain the advice of the Advisory Council. 6. Establishment and constitution of Development Councils and theirfunctions. 6. Establishment and constitution of Development Councils and their functions. (1) The Central Government may, by notified order, establish for any scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries, a body of persons to be called a Development Council which shall consist of members who in the opinion of the Central Government are-- (a) persons capable of representing the interest of owners of industrial undertakings in the scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Cl. (b) omitted by Act 26 of 1953, s. 4. 96A (b) persons having special knowledge of matters relating to the technical or other aspects of the scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries; (c) persons capable of representing the interests of persons employed in industrial undertakings in the scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries; (d) persons not belonging to any of the aforesaid categories, who are capable of representing the interests of consumers of goods manufactured or produced by the scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries. (2) The number and the term of office of, and the procedure to be followed in the discharge of their functions by, and the manner of filling casual vacancies among members of a Development Council shall be such as may be prescribed. (3) Every Development Council shall be, by virtue of this Act, a body corporate by such name as may be specified in the notified order establishing it, and may hold and transfer property and shall by the said name sue and be sued. (4) A Development Council shall perform such functions of a kind specified in the Second Schedule as may be assigned to it by the 97 Central Government and for whose exercise by the Development Council it appears to the Central Government expedient to provide in order to increase the efficiency or productivity in the scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries for which the Development Council is established, to improve or develop the service that such industry or group of industries renders or could render to the community, or to enable such industry or group of industries to render such service more economically. (5) A Development Council shall also perform such other functions as it may be required to perform by or under any other provision of this Act. 7. Reports and accounts of Development Councils. 7. Reports and accounts of Development Councils. (1) A Development Council shall prepare and transmit to the Central Government and the Advisory Council, annually, a report setting out what has been done in the discharge of its functions during the financial year last completed. (2) The report shall include a statement of the accounts of the Development Council for that year, and shall be transmitted as soon as accounts therefor have been audited, together with a copy of any report made by the auditors on the accounts. (3) The statement of account shall be in such form as may be prescribed, being a form which shall conform to the best commercial standards, and the statement shall show the total of remuneration and allowances paid during the year to members and officers of the Council. (4) A copy of each such report of a Development Council, or made by the auditors on its accounts, shall be laid before Parliament by the Central Government. 8. Dissolution of Development Councils. 8. Dissolution of Development Councils. (1) The Central Government may, if it is satisfied that a Development Council should cease to continue in being, by notified order, dissolve that Development Council. (2) On the dissolution of a Development Council under sub-section (1), the assets of the Development Council, after its liabilities, if any, are met therefrom, shall vest in the Central Government for the purposes of this Act. 9. Imposition of cess on scheduled industries in certain cases. 9. Imposition of cess on scheduled industries in certain cases. (1) There may be levied and collected as a cess for the purposes of this Act on all goods manufactured or produced in any such 98 scheduled industry as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government by notified order a duty of excise at such rate as may be specified in the notified order, and different rates may be specified for different goods or different classes of goods: Provided that no such rate shall in any case exceed two annas per cent, of the value of the goods. Explanation.--In this sub-section, the expression "value" in relation to any goods shall be deemed to be the wholesale cash price for which such goods of the like kind and quality are sold or are capable of being sold for delivery at the place of manufacture and at the time of their removal therefrom, without any abatement or deduction whatever except trade discount and the amount of duty then payable. (2) The cess shall be payable at such intervals, within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed, and any rules made in this behalf may provide for the grant of a rebate for prompt payment of the cess. (3) The said cess may be recovered in the same manner as an arrear of land revenue. (4) The Central Government may hand over the proceeds of the cess collected under this section in respect of the goods manufactured or produced by any scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries to the Development Council established for that industry or group of industries, and where it does so, the Development Council shall utilise the said proceeds-- (a) to promote scientific and industrial research with reference to the scheduled industry or group of scheduled industries in respect of which the Development Council is established; (b) to promote improvements in design and quality with reference to the products of such industry or group of industries; (c) to provide for the training of technicians and labour in such industry or group of industries; (d) to meet such expenses in the exercise of its functions and its administrative expenses as may be prescribed. 99 CHAP REGULATION OF SCHEDULED INDUSTRIES CHAPTER III REGULATION OF SCHEDULED INDUSTRIES 10. Registration of existing industrial undertakings. 10. Registration of existing industrial undertakings. 1*[(1) The owner of every existing industrial undertaking, not being the Central Government, shall, within such period as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, fix in this behalf with respect to industrial undertakings generally or with respect to any class of them, register the undertaking in the prescribed manner.] (2) The Central Government shall also cause to be registered in the same manner every existing industrial undertaking of which it is the owner. 2*[(3) Where an industrial undertaking is registered under this section, there shall be issued to the owner of the undertaking or the Central Government, as the case may be, a certificate of registration 3*[containing the productive capacity of the industrial undertaking and such other particulars as may be prescribed].] 4*[(4) The owner of every industrial undertaking to whom a certificate of registration has been issued under this section before the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1973, (67 of 1973) shall, if the undertaking falls within such class of undertakings as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, produce, within such period as may be specified in such notification, the certificate of registration for entering therein the productive capacity of the industrial undertaking and other prescribed particulars. (5) In specifying the productive capacity in any certificate of registration issued under sub-section (3), the Central Government shall take into consideration the productive or installed capacity of the industrial undertaking as specified in the application for registration made under sub-section (1), the level of production immediately before the date on which the application for registration was made under sub-section (1), the level of the highest annual production during the three years immediately preceding the introduction in Parliament of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 1973, the extent to which production during the said period was utilised for export and such other factors as the Central Government may consider relevant including the extent of under-utilisation of capacity, if any, during the relevant period due to any cause.] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 5, for the original sub-section. 2. Ins. by s. 5, ibid. 3. Subs. by Act 67 of 1973, s. 2, for certain words (w.e.f. 7-2- 1974). 4. Ins. by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 7-2-1974). 100 10A. Revocation of registration in certain cases. 1*[10A. Revocation of registration in certain cases. If the Central Government is satisfied that the registration of any industrial undertaking has been obtained by misrepresentation as to an essential fact or that any industrial undertaking has ceased to be registrable under this Act by reason of any exemption granted under this Act becoming applicable thereto or that for any other reason the registration has become useless or ineffective and therefore requires to be revoked, the Central Government may after giving an opportunity to the owner of the undertaking to be heard revoke the registration.] 11. Licensing of new industrial undertakings. 11. Licensing of new industrial undertakings. (1) No person or authority other than the Central Government, shall after the commencement of this Act, establish any new industrial undertaking, except under and in accordance with a licence issued in that behalf by the Central Government: Provided that a Government other than the Central Government may, with the previous permission of the Central Government, establish a new industrial undertaking. (2) A licence or permission under sub-section (1) may contain such conditions including, in particular, conditions as to the location of the undertaking and the minimum standards in respect of size to be provided therein as the Central Government may deem fit to impose in accordance with the rules, if any, made under section 30. 11A. Licence for producing or manufacturing new articles. 2*[11A. Licence for producing or manufacturing new articles. The owner of an industrial undertaking not being the Central Government which is registered under section 10 or in respect of which a licence or permission has been issued under section 11 shall not produce or manufacture any new article unless-- (a) in the case of an industrial undertaking registered under section 10, he has obtained a licence for producing or manufacturing such new article; and (b) in the case of an industrial undertaking in respect of which a licence or permission has been issued under section 11, he has had the existing licence or permission amended in the prescribed manner.] 11B. Power of Central Government to specify the requirements which shall becomplied with by small scale industrial undertakings. 3*[11B. Power of Central Government to specify the requirements which shall be complied with by small scale industrial undertakings. (1) The Central Government may, with a view to ascertaining which ancillary and small scale industrial undertakings need supportive measures, exemptions or other favourable treatment under this Act to enable them to maintain their viability and strength so as to be effective in-- (a) promoting in a harmonious manner the industrial economy of the country and easing the problem of unemployment, and (b) securing that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good, specify, having regard to the factors mentioned in sub-section (2), by notified order, the requirements which shall be complied with by an industrial undertaking to enable it to be regarded, for the purposes of this Act, as an ancillary, or a small scale, industrial undertaking and different requirements may be so specified for different purposes or with respect to industrial undertakings engaged in the manufacture or production of different articles: Provided that no industrial undertaking shall be regarded as an ancillary industrial undertaking unless it is, or is proposed to be, engaged in-- (i) the manufacture of parts, components, sub-assemblies, toolings or intermediates; or (ii) rendering of services, or supplying or rendering, not more than fifty per cent of its production or its total services, as the case may be, to other units for production of other articles. (2) The factors referred to in sub-section (1) are the following, namely:-- (a) the investment by the industrial undertaking in-- (i) plant and machinery, or (ii)land, buildings, plant and machinery; (b) the nature of ownership of the industrial undertaking; (c) the smallness of the number of workers employed in the industrial undertaking; (d) the nature, cost and quality of the product of the industrial undertaking; (e) foreign exchange, if any, required for the import of any plant or machinery by the industrial undertaking; and (f) such other relevant factors as may be prescribed. (3) A copy of every notified order proposed to be made under sub- section (1) shall be laid in draft before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in disapproving the issue of the proposed notified order or both Houses agree in making any modification in the proposed notified order; the notified order shall not be made, or, as the case may be, shall be made only in such modified form as may be agreed upon by both the Houses. (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), an industrial undertaking which, according to the law for the time being in force, fell, immediately before the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1984, under the definition of an ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertaking, shall, after such commencement, continue to be regarded as an ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertaking for the purposes of this Act until the definition aforesaid is altered or superseded by any notified order made under sub-section (1).] 12. Revocation and amendment of licences in certain cases. 12. Revocation and amendment of licences in certain cases. (1) If the Central Government is satisfied, either on a reference made to it in this behalf or otherwise, that any person or authority, to whom or to which, a licence has been issued under section 11, has, without reasonable cause, failed to establish or to take effective steps to establish the new industrial undertaking in respect of which the licence has been issued ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 6. 2. Ins. by s. 7, ibid. 3. Ins. by Act 4 of 1984, s. 3 (w.e.f. 12-1-1984) 100A within the time specified therefor or within such extended time as the Central Government may think fit to grant in any case, it may revoke the licence. (2) Subject to any rules that may be made in this behalf, the Central Government may also vary or amend any licence issued under section 11: Provided that no such power shall be exercised after effective steps have been taken to establish the new industrial undertaking in accordance with the licence issued in this behalf. 1*[(3) The provisions of this section shall apply in relation to a licence issued under section 11A or where a licence has been amended under that section, to the amendment thereof, as they apply in relation to a licence issued under section 11.] 13. Further provision for licensing of industrial undertakings in specialcases. 2*[13. Further provision for licensing of industrial undertakings in special cases. (1) No owner of an industrial undertaking, other than the Central Government, shall-- (a) in the case of an industrial undertaking required to be registered under section 10, but which has not been registered within the time fixed for the purpose under that section, carry on the business of that undertaking after the expiry of such period, or ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 8. 2. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for the original section. 101 (b) in the case of an industrial undertaking the registration in respect of which has been revoked under section 10A 1***, carry on the business of the undertaking after the revocation, or (c) in the case of an industrial undertaking to which the provisions of this Act did not originally apply but became applicable after the commencement of this Act for any reason, carry on the business of the undertaking after the expiry of three months from the date on which the provisions of this Act became so applicable, or (d) effect any substantial expansion of an industrial undertaking which has been registered 2*[or in respect of which a licence or permission has been issued], or (e) change the location of the whole or any part of an industrial undertaking which has been registered, except under, and in accordance with, a licence issued in that behalf by the Central Government, and, in the case of a State Government, except under and in accordance with the previous permission of the Central Government. (2) The provisions of sub-section (2) of section 11 and of section 12 shall apply, so far as may be, in relation to the issue of licences or permissions to any industrial undertaking referred to in this section as they apply in relation to the issue of licences or permissions to a new industrial undertaking. Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, 'substantial expansion' means the expansion of an existing industrial undertaking which substantially increases the productive capacity of the undertaking, or which is of such a nature as to amount virtually to a new industrial undertaking, but does not include any such expansion as is normal to the undertaking having regard to its nature and the circumstances relating to such expansion.] 14. Procedure for the grant of licence or permission. 14. Procedure for the grant of licence or permission. Beforeg granting any licence or permission under 3*[section 11, section 11A, 4*[section 13 or section 29B]], the Central Government may require such officer or authority as it may appoint for the purpose, to make a full and complete investigation in respect of applications received in this ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. The words "on the ground that it had been obtained by misrepresentation as to an essential fact" omitted by Act 71 of 1956, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-3-1957). 2. Ins. by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-3-1957). 3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 10, for "section 11 or section 13". 4. Subs. by Act 71 of 1956, s. 3, for "or section 13" (w.e.f. 1-3- 1957). 102 behalf and report to it the result of such investigation and in making any such investigation, the officer or authority shall follow such procedure as may be prescribed. 15. Power to cause investigation to be made into scheduled industries orindustrial undertakings. 15. Power to cause investigation to be made into scheduled industries or industrial undertakings. Where the Central Government is of the opinion that-- (a) in respect of any scheduled industry or industrial undertaking or undertakings-- (i) there has been, or is likely to be, a substantial fall in the volume of production in respect of any article or class of articles relatable to that industry or manufactured or produced in the industrial undertaking or undertakings, as the case may be, for which, having regard to the economic conditions prevailing, there is no justification; or (ii) there has been, or is likely to be, a marked deterioration in the quality of any article or class of articles relatable to that industry or manufactured or produced in the industrial undertaking or undertakings, as the case may be, which could have been or can be avoided; or (iii) there has been or is likely to be a rise in the price of any article or class of articles relatable to that industry or manufactured or produced in the industrial undertaking or undertakings as the case may be, for which there is no justification; or (iv) it is necessary to take any such action as is provided in this Chapter for the purpose of conserving any resources of national importance which are utilised in the industry or the industrial undertaking or undertakings, as the case may be; or 1*[(b) any industrial undertaking is being managed in a manner highly detrimental to the scheduled industry concerned or to public interest;] the Central Government may make or cause to be made a full and complete investigation into the circumstances of the case by such person or body of persons as it may appoint for the purpose. 15A. Power to investigate into the affairs of a company in liquidation. 2*[15A. Power to investigate into the affairs of a company in liquidation. (1) Where a company, owning an industrial undertaking, is being wound up by or under the supervision of the High Court and the business of such company is not being continued, the Central Government ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 11, for the original clause. 2. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 103 may, if it is of opinion that it is necessary, in the interests of the general public and, in particular, in the interests of production, supply or distribution of articles or class of articles relatable to the concerned scheduled industry, to investigate into the possibility of running or re-starting the industrial undertaking, make an application to the High Court praying for permission to make, or cause to be made, an investigation into such possibility by such person or body of persons as that Government may appoint for the purpose. (2) Where an application is made by the Central Government under sub-section (1), the High Court shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), or in any other law for the time being in force, grant the permission prayed for.] 16. Powers of Central Government on completion of investigation undersection 15. 16. Powers of Central Government on completion of investigation under section 15. (1) If after making or causing to be made any such investigation as is referred to in section 15 the Central Government is satisfied that action under this section is desirable, it may issue such direction to the industrial undertaking or undertakings concerned as may be appropriate in the circumstances for all or any of the following purposes, namely:-- (a) regulating the production of any article or class of articles by the industrial undertaking or undertakings and fixing the standards of production; (b) requiring the industrial undertaking or undertakings to take such steps as the Central Government may consider necessary to stimulate the development of the industry to which the undertaking or undertakings relates or relate; (c) prohibiting the industrial undertaking or undertakings from resorting to any act or practice which might reduce its or their production, capacity or economic value; (d) controlling the prices, or regulating the distribution, of any article or class of articles which have been the subject matter of investigation. (2) Where a case relating to any industry or industrial undertaking or undertakings is under investigation, the Central Government may issue at any time any direction of the nature referred to in sub-section (1) to the industrial undertaking or undertakings concerned, and any such direction shall have effect until it is varied or revoked by the Central Government. 17. Special provisions for direct control by Central Government in certaincases. 17. [Special provisions for direct control by Central Government in certain cases.] Rep. by the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1953 (26 of 1953), s. 12. 104 18. Power of person or body of persons appointed under section 15 to callfor assistance in any investigation. 18. Power of person or body of persons appointed under section 15 to call for assistance in any investigation. (1) The person or body of persons appointed to make any investigation under section 15 1*[or section 15A] may choose one or more persons possessing special knowledge of any matter relating to the investigation to assist him or it in holding the investigation. (2) The person or body of persons so appointed shall have all the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1808), for the purpose of taking evidence on oath (which he or it is hereby empowered to administer) and of enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents and material objects, and the person or body of persons shall be deemed to be a Civil Court for all the purposes of section 195 and Chapter XXXV of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898). CHAP DIRECT MANAGEMENT OR CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS BY CENTRALGOVERNMENT IN CERTAIN CASES 2*[CHAPTER IIIA DIRECT MANAGEMENT OR CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN CERTAIN CASES 18A. Power of Central Government to assume management or control of anindustrial undertaking in certain cases. 18A. Power of Central Government to assume management or control of an industrial undertaking in certain cases. (1) If the Central Government is of opinion that-- (a) an industrial undertaking to which directions have been issued in pursuance of section 16 has failed to comply with such directions, or (b) an industrial undertaking in respect of which an investigation has been made under section 15 (whether or not any directions have been issued to the undertaking in pursuance of section 16), is being managed in a manner highly detrimental to the scheduled industry concerned or to public interest, the Central Government may, by notified order, authorize any persons or body of persons to take over the management of the whole or any part of the undertaking or to exercise in respect of the whole or any part of the undertaking such functions of control as may be specified in the order (2) Any notified order issued under sub-section (1) shall have effect for such period not exceeding five years as may be specified in the order: 3*[Provided that if the Central Government is of opinion that it is expedient in the public interest that any such notified order should continue to have effect after the expiry of the period of five years aforesaid, it may from time to time issue directions for such continuance for such period, not ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 2. Ins. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 13. 3. Subs. by Act 6 of 1965, s. 2, for the proviso. 104A exceeding two years at a time, as may be specified in the direction, so however that the total period of such continuance (after the expiry of the said period of five years) does not exceed 1*[twelve years]; and where any such direction is issued, a copy thereof shall be laid, as soon as may be, before both Houses of Parliament.] Explanation.--The power to authorize a body of persons under this section to take over the management of an industrial undertaking which is a company includes also a power to appoint any individual, firm or company to be the managing agent of the industrial undertaking on such terms and conditions as the Central Government may think fit. 18AA Power to take over industrial undertakings without investigation undercertain circumstances. 2*[18AA. Power to take over industrial undertakings without investigation under certain circumstances. (1) Without prejudice to any other provision of this Act, if, from the documentary or other evidence in its possession the Central Government is satisfied, in relation to an industrial undertaking, that-- (a) the persons in charge of such industrial undertaking have, by reckless investments or creation of incumbrances on the assets of the industrial undertaking, or by diversion of funds, brought about a situation which is likely to affect the production of articles manufactured or produced in the industrial undertaking, and that immediate action is necessary to prevent such a situation; or (b) it has been closed for a period of not less than three months (whether by reason of the voluntary winding up of the company owning the industrial undertaking or for any other reason) and such closure is prejudicial to the concerned scheduled industry and that the financial condition of the company owning the industrial undertaking and the condition of the plant and machinery of such undertaking are such that it is possible to re-start the undertaking and such re- starting is necessary in the interests of the general public, it may, by a notified order, authorise any person or body of persons (hereafter referred to as the "authorised person") to take over the management of the whole or any part of the industrial undertaking or to exercise in respect of the whole or any part of the undertaking such functions of control as may be specified in the order. (2) The provisions of sub-section (2) of section 18A shall, as far as may be, apply to a notified order made under sub-section (1) as they apply to a notified order made under sub-section (1) of section 18A. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 32 of 1974, s. 2, for "ten years". 2. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 104B (3) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) shall apply to an industrial undertaking owned by a company which is being wound up by or under the supervision of the Court. (4) Where any notified order has been made under sub-section (1), the person or body of persons having, for the time being, charge of the management or control of the industrial undertaking, whether by or under the orders of any court or any contract, instrument or otherwise, shall, notwithstanding anything contained in such order, contract, instrument or other arrangement, forthwith make over the charge of management or control, as the case may be, of the industrial undertaking to the authorised person. (5) The provisions of sections 18B to 18E (both inclusive) shall, as far as may be, apply to, or in relation to, the industrial undertaking, in respect of which a notified order has been made under sub-section (1), as they apply to an industrial undertaking in relation to which a notified order has been issued under section 18A.] 18B. Effect of notified order under section 18A. 18B. Effect of notified order under section 18A. (1) On the issue of a notified order under section 18A authorizing the taking over of the management of an industrial undertaking-- (a) all persons in charge of the management, including persons holding office as managers or directors of the industrial 105 undertaking immediately before the issue of the notified order, shall be deemed to have vacated their offices as such; (b) any contract of management between the industrial undertaking and any managing agent or any director thereof holding office as such immediately before the issue of the notified order shall be deemed to have terminated; (c) the managing agent, if any, appointed under section 18A shall be deemed to have been duly appointed as the managing agent in pursuance of the Indian Companies Act, 1913 1* (7 of 1913), and the memorandum and articles of association of the industrial undertaking, and the provisions of the said Act and of the memorandum and articles shall, subject to the other provisions contained in this Act, apply accordingly, but no such managing agent shall be removed from office except with the previous consent of the Central Government; (d) the person or body of persons authorized under section 18A to take over the management shall take all such steps as may be necessary to take into his or their custody or control all the property, effects and actionable claims to which the industrial undertaking is or appears to be entitled, and all the property and effects of the industrial undertaking shall be deemed to be in the custody of the person or, as the case may be, the body of persons as from the date of the notified order; and (e) the persons, if any, authorized under section 18A to take over the management of an industrial undertaking which is a company shall be for all purposes the directors of the industrial undertaking duly constituted under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 1* (7 of 1913) and shall alone be entitled to exercise all the powers of the directors of the industrial undertaking, whether such powers are derived from the said Act or from the memorandum or articles of association of the industrial undertaking or from any other source. (2) Subject to the other provisions contained in this Act and to the control of the Central Government, the person or body of persons authorized to take over the management of an industrial undertaking, shall take such steps as may be necessary for the purpose ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. See now the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956). 106 of efficiently managing the business of the industrial undertaking and shall exercise such other powers and have such other duties as may be prescribed. (3) Where any person or body of persons has been authorized to exercise any functions of control in relation to an industrial undertaking, the undertaking shall be carried on pursuant to any directions given by the authorized person in accordance with the provisions of the notified order, and any person having any functions of management in relation to the undertaking or part thereof shall comply with all such directions. (4) The person or body of persons authorized under section 1*[18A] shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the memorandum or articles of association of the industrial undertaking, exercise his or their functions in accordance with such directions as may be given by the Central Government so, however, that he or they shall not have any power to give any other person any directions under this section inconsistent with the provisions of any Act or instrument determining the functions of the authority carrying on the undertaking except in so far as may be specifically provided by the notified order. 18C. Contracts in bad faith, etc., may be cancelled or varied. 18C. Contracts in bad faith, etc., may be cancelled or varied. Without prejudice to the provisions contained in section 18B, the person or body of persons authorized under section 18A to take over the management of an industrial undertaking may, with the previous approval of the Central Government, make an application to any Court having jurisdiction in this behalf for the purpose of cancelling or varying any contract or agreement entered into, at any time before the issue of the notified order under section 18A, between the industrial undertaking and any other person and the Court may, if satisfied after due inquiry that such contract or agreement had been entered into in bad faith and is detrimental to the interests of the industrial undertaking, make an order cancelling or varying (either unconditionally or subject to such conditions as it may think fit to impose) that contract or agreement, and the contract or agreement shall have effect accordingly. 18D. No right to compensation for termination of office or contract. 18D. No right to compensation for termination of office or contract. Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no person who ceases to hold any office by reason of the provisions contained in clause (a) of section 18B, or whose contract of management is terminated by reason of the provisions contained in clause (b) of that section, shall be entitled to any compensation for the loss of office or for the premature termination of his contract of management: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. II, for "18". 107 Provided that nothing contained in this section shall affect the right of any such person to recover from the industrial undertaking moneys recoverable otherwise than by way of such compensation. 18E. Application of Act 7 of 1913. 18E. Application of Act 7 of 1913. (1) Where the management of an industrial undertaking, being a company as defined in the Indian Companies Act, 1913 1* (7 of 1913), is taken over by the Central Government, then, notwithstanding anything contained in the said Act or in the memorandum or articles of association of such undertaking,-- (a) it shall not be lawful for the shareholders of such undertaking or any other person to nominate or appoint any person to be a director of the undertaking; (b) no resolution passed at any meeting of the shareholders or such undertaking shall be given effect to unless approved by the Central Government; (c) no proceeding for the winding up of such undertaking or for the appointment of a receiver in respect thereof shall lie in any Court except with the consent of the Central Government. (2) Subject to the provisions contained in sub-section (1), and to the other provisions contained in this Act and subject to such other exceptions, restrictions and limitations, if any, as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, the Indian Companies Act, 1913 1* (7 of 1913), shall continue to apply to such undertaking in the same manner as it applied thereto before the issue of the notified order under section 18A. 18F. Power of Central Government to cancel notified order under section10A. 18F. Power of Central Government to cancel notified order under section 10A. If at any time it appears to the Central Government on the application of the owner of the industrial undertaking or otherwise that the purpose of the order made under section 18A has been fulfilled or that for any other reason it is not necessary that the order should remain in force, the Central Government may, by notified order, cancel such order and on the cancellation of any such order the management or the control, as the case may be, of the industrial undertaking shall vest in the owner of the undertaking. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. See now the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956). 107A CHAP MANAGEMENT OR CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS OWNED BY COMPANIES INLIQUIDATION 1*[CHAPTER IIIAA MANAGEMENT OR CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS OWNED BY COMPANIES IN LIQUIDATION 18FA Power of Central Government to authorise, with the permission of theHigh Court, persons to take over management or control of industrialundertakings. 18FA. Power of Central Government to authorise, with the permission of the High Court, persons to take over management or control of industrial undertakings. (1) If the Central Government is of opinion that there are possibilities of running or re-starting an industrial undertaking, in relation to which an investigation has been made under section 15A, and that such industrial undertaking should be run or re-started, as the case may be, for maintaining or increasing the production, supply or distribution of articles or class of articles relatable to the scheduled industry, needed by the general public, that Government may make an application to the High Court praying for permission to appoint any person or body of persons to take over the management of the industrial undertaking or to exercise in respect of the whole or any part of the industrial undertaking such functions of control as may be specified in the application. (2) Where an application is made under sub-section (1), the High Court shall make an order empowering the Central Government to authorise any person or body of persons (hereinafter referred to as the "authorised persons") to take over the management of the industrial undertaking or to exercise functions of control in relation to the whole or any part of the industrial undertaking (hereinafter referred to as the "concerned part") for a period not exceeding five years: Provided that if the Central Government is of opinion that it is expedient, in the interests of the general public that the authorised person should continue to manage the industrial undertaking, or continue to exercise functions of control in relation to the concerned part, as the case may be, after the expiry of the period of five years aforesaid, it may make an application to the High Court for the continuance of such management or functions of control, for such period, not exceeding two years at a time, as may be specified in the application and thereupon the High Court may make an order permitting the authorised person to continue to manage the industrial undertaking or to exercise functions of control in relation to the concerned part: Provided further that the total period of such continuance (after the expiry of the initial period of five years) shall not, in any case, be permitted to exceed 2*[twelve years]. (3) Where an order has been made by the High Court under sub- section (2), the High Court shall direct the Official Liquidator or any ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 2. Subs. by Act 32 of 1974, s. 2 (w.e.f. 29-6-1974). 107B other person having, for the time being, charge of the management or control of the industrial undertaking, whether by or under the orders of any court, or any contract or instrument or otherwise, to make over the management of such undertaking or concerned part, as the case may be, to the authorised person and thereupon the authorised person shall be deemed to be the Official Liquidator in respect of the industrial undertaking or the concerned part, as the case may be. (4) Before making over the possession of the industrial undertaking or the concerned part to the authorised person, the Official Liquidator shall make a complete inventory of all the assets and liabilities of the industrial undertaking or the concerned part, as the case may be, in the manner specified in section 18FG and deliver a copy of such inventory to the authorised person, who shall, after verifying the correctness thereof, sign on the duplicate copy thereof as evidence of the receipt of the inventory by him. (5) On taking over the management of the industrial undertaking, or on the commencement of the exercise of functions of control in relation to the concerned part, the authorised person shall take immediate steps to so run the industrial undertaking or the concerned part as to ensure the maintenance of production. (6) The authorised person may, on such terms and conditions and subject to such limitations or restrictions as may be prescribed, raise any loan for the purpose of running the industrial undertaking or the concerned part, and may, for that purpose, create a floating charge on the current assets of the industrial undertaking or the concerned part, as the case may be. (7) Where the authorised person is of opinion that the replacement or repair of any machinery of the industrial undertaking or the concerned part is necessary for the purpose of efficient running of the industrial undertaking or such part, he shall, on such terms and conditions and subject to such limitations or restrictions as may be prescribed, make such replacement or repair, as the case may be. (8) The loan obtained by the authorised person shall be recovered from the assets of the industrial undertaking or the concerned part, in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. (9) For the purpose of running the industrial undertaking, or exercising functions of control in relation to the concerned part, the authorised person may employ such of the former employees of the industrial undertaking whose services became discharged by reason of the winding up of the 107C company owning such undertaking and every such person employed by the authorised person shall be deemed to have entered into a fresh contract of service with the company. 10 The proceedings in the winding up of the company in so far as they relate to-- (a) the industrial undertaking, the management of which has been taken over by the authorised person under this section, or (b) the concerned part in relation to which any function of control exercise by the authorised person under this section, shall, during the period of such management or control, remain stayed, and in computing the period of limitation for the enforcement of any right, privilege, obligation or liability in relation to such undertaking or the concerned part, the period during which such proceedings remained stayed shall be excluded. CHAP POWER TO PROVIDE RELIEF TO CERTAIN INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS CHAPTER IIIAB POWER TO PROVIDE RELIEF TO CERTAIN INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS 18FB Power of Central Government to make certain declarations in relationto industrial undertakings, the management or control of which hasbeen taken over under section 18A, section 18AA or section 1 18FB. Power of Central Government to make certain declarations in relation to industrial undertakings, the management or control of which has been taken over under section 18A, section 18AA or section 18FA. (1) The Central Government may, if it is satisfied, in relation to an industrial undertaking or any part thereof, the management or control of which has been taken over under section 18A, whether before or after the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1971, or under section 18AA or section 18FA, that it is necessary so to do in the interests of the general public with a view to preventing fall in the volume of production of any scheduled industry, it may, by notified order, declare that-- (a) all or any of the enactments specified in the Third Schedule shall not apply or shall apply with such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission (which does not, however, affect the policy of the said enactments) to such industrial undertaking, as may be specified in such notified order, or (b) the operation of all or any of the contracts, assurances of property, agreements, settlements, awards, standing orders or other instruments in force (to which such industrial undertaking or the company owning such undertaking is a party or which may be applicable to such industrial undertaking or 107D company) immediately before the date of issue of such notified order shall remain suspended or that all or any of the rights, privileges, obligations and liabilities accruing or arising thereunder before the said date, shall remain suspended or shall be enforceable with such adaptations and in such manner as may be specified in the notified order. (2) The notified order made under sub-section (1) shall remain in force in the first instance, for a period of one year, but the duration of such notified order may be extended from time to time by a further notified order by a period not exceeding one year at a time: Provided that no such notified order shall, in any case, remain in force-- (a) after the expiry of the period for which the management of the industrial undertaking was taken over under section 18A, section 18AA or section 18FA, or (b) for more than 1*[eight years] in the aggregate from the date of issue of the first notified order, whichever is earlier. (3) Any notified order made under sub-section (1) shall have effect notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other law, agreement or instrument or any decree or order of a court, tribunal, officer or other authority or of any submission, settlement or standing order. (4) Any remedy for the enforcement of any right, privilege, obligation or liability referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) and suspended or modified by a notified order made under that sub- section shall, in accordance with the terms of the notified order, remain suspended or modified, and all proceedings relating thereto pending before any court, tribunal, officer or other authority shall accordingly remain stayed or be continued subject to such adaptations, so, however, that on the notified order ceasing to have effect-- (a) any right, privilege, obligation or liability so remaining suspended or modified shall become revived and enforceable as if the notified order had never been made; (b) any proceeding so remaining stayed shall be proceeded with, subject to the provisions of any law which may then be in force, from the stage which had been reached when the proceedings became stayed. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 17 of 1979, s. 2 (w.e.f. 30-12-1978). 107E (5) In computing the period of limitation for the enforcement of any right, privilege, obligation or liability referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1), the period during which it or the remedy for the enforcement thereof remained suspended shall be excluded. CHAP LIQUIDATION OR RECONSTRUCTION OF COMPANIES CHAPTER IIIAC LIQUIDATION OR RECONSTRUCTION OF COMPANIES 18FC Power of Central Government to call for report on the affairs andworking of managed company. 18FC. Power of Central Government to call for report on the affairs and working of managed company. Where the management or control of an industrial undertaking has been taken over under section 18A, whether before or after the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1971 (72 of 1971), or under section 18AA or section 18FA, the central Government may, at any time during the continuance of such management or control, call for a report from the authorised person on the affairs and working of the industrial undertaking and in submitting the report the authorised person shall take into account the inventory and the lists of members and creditors prepared under section 18FG. 18FD Decision of Central Government in relation to managed company. 18FD. Decision of Central Government in relation to managed company. (1) If, on receipt of the report submitted by the authorised person, the Central Government is satisfied,-- (a) in relation to the company owning the industrial undertaking, which is not being wound up by the High Court, that the financial condition and other circumstances of the company are such that it is not in a position to meet its current liabilities out of its current assets, that Government may, if it considers necessary or expedient in the interests of the general public so to do, by order, decide that the industrial undertaking should be sold as a running concern as provided in section 18FE and proceedings should simultaneously be started for the winding up, by the High Court, of the company; (b) in relation to the company, owning the industrial undertaking, which is being wound up by the High Court, that its assets and liabilities are such that in the interests of its creditors and contributories the industrial undertaking should be sold as a running concern as provided in section 18FE, it may, by order, decide accordingly. 107F (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), if on receipt of the report submitted by the authorised person the Central Government is satisfied that-- (a) in the interests of the general public, or (b) in the interests of the shareholders, or (c) to secure the proper management of the company owning the industrial undertaking, it is necessary so to do, that Government may, by order, decide to prepare a scheme for the reconstruction of the company owning the industrial undertaking: Provided that no such scheme shall be prepared in relation to a company which is being wound up by or under the supervision of the High Court, except with the previous permission of that Court. (3) The powers exercisable by the Central Government under section 18F, in relation to an undertaking taken over under section 18A, shall also be exercisable in relation to an undertaking taken over section 18AA or section 18FA, but such powers shall not be exercised after the making of an order under sub-section (1) or, as the case may be, under sub-section (2) of this section. 18FE Provisions where Government decides to follow the course of actionspecified in section 18FD (1). 18FE. Provisions where Government decides to follow the course of action specified in section 18FD (1). (1) The provisions hereinafter laid down shall apply where the Central Government decides that the course of action specified in sub-section (1) of section 18FD should be followed, namely:-- (a) the decision of the Central Government that the course of action specified in clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 18FD should be followed in relation to a company owning an industrial undertaking shall be deemed to be a ground specified in section 433 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), on which company may be wound up by the High Court; (b) the authorised person shall, as soon as may be, after the decision specified in clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 18FD has been taken by the Central Government, present an application to the High Court for the winding up of the company owning the industrial undertaking ; (c) when an application is made by the authorised person, under clause (b), for the winding up, by the High Court, of the company owning the industrial undertaking, the High Court shall order the winding up of the company and shall, 107G notwithstanding anything contained in the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), appoint the authorised person as the Official Liquidator in relation to such under- taking; (d) whenever the Central Government decides under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 18FD that the industrial undertaking should be sold as a running concern, it shall cause a copy of its decision to be laid before the High Court; (e) until the industrial undertaking referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 18FD is sold or purchased in pursuance of this section, the authorised person shall continue to function as the Official Liquidator in relation to the said undertaking in the winding up proceedings of the company, and, thereafter the Official Liquidator appointed by the Central Government under section 448 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), shall take over and function as the Official Liquidator in the said proceedings. (2) The authorised person shall make a report to the Central Government as to what should be the reserve price for the sale of the industrial undertaking as a running concern. (3) In making a report under sub-section (2), the authorised person shall have regard to-- (a) the financial condition of the company owning the industrial undertaking on the date on which the order under section 18FD is made-- (i) as disclosed in its books of account, (ii) as disclosed in its balance-sheet and profit and loss account during a period of five years immediately preceding the said date; (b) the condition and nature of the plant, machinery, instruments and other equipment from the point of view of their suitability for profitable use in the running of the industrial undertaking; (c) the total amount of liability on account of secured and unsecured debts including overdrafts, if any, drawn on banks, liabilities on account of terminal benefits to the employees and other borrowings and other liabilities of the company; and (d) other relevant factors including the factor that the industrial undertaking will be sold free from all incumbrances. 107H (4) Notice of the reserve price determined by the authorised person shall be given in such manner as may be prescribed to the members and creditors of the company owning such industrial undertaking to make representations within a specified time to the Central Government through the authorised person and the Central Government shall, after considering the representations received and the report of the authorised person, determine the reserve price. (5) The authorised person shall thereafter, with the permission of the High Court, invite tenders from the public in such manner as may be determined by the High Court for the sale of the industrial undertaking as a running concern subject to the condition that it will be sold to the person offering the highest price which shall not be less than the reserve price determined under sub-section (4): Provided that the High Court shall not refuse to grant such permission if it is satisfied that the company is not in a position to meet its current liabilities out of its current assets. (6) The industrial undertaking shall be sold to the highest bidder, as a running concern, only if the price offered by him therefor is not less than the reserve price. (7) Where no offer of price is equal to, or more than, the reserve price, the industrial undertaking shall be purchased by the Central Government at the reserve price. (8) (a) The amount realised from the sale of the industrial undertaking as a running concern together with any other sum which may be realised from any contributory, purchaser or any other person from whom any money is due to the company shall be utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), in discharging the liabilities of the company and distributing the balance, if any, amongst the members of the company. (b) In other respects, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), relating to the winding up of a company by the High Court shall, as far as may be, apply. (9) When an industrial undertaking is sold to any person under sub-section (6), or purchased by the Central Government under sub- section (7), there shall be transferred to and vested in the purchaser, free from all incumbrances, all such assets relating to the industrial undertaking as are referred to in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of section 18FG and existing at the time of the sale or purchase. 107I 18FF Provisions where Government decides to follow the course of actionspecified in section 18FD(2). 18FF. Provisions where Government decides to follow the course of action specified in section 18FD(2). (1) Where in any case the Central Government decides that the course of action specified in sub-section (2) of section 18FD should be followed, it shall, subject to the provisions of that sub-section, cause to be prepared, by the authorised person, a scheme for the reconstruction of the company, owning the industrial undertaking, in accordance with the provisions hereinafter contained and the authorised person shall submit the same for the approval of that Government. (2) The scheme for the reconstruction of the company owning the industrial undertaking may contain provisions for all or any of the following matters, namely :-- (a) the constitution, name and registered office, the capital, assets, powers, rights, interests, authorities and privileges, the liabilities, duties and obligations of the company on its reconstruction; (b) any change in the Board of directors, or the appointment of a new Board of directors of the company on its reconstruction and the authority by whom, the manner in which and the other terms and conditions on which, such change or appointment shall be made and in the case of appointment of a new Board of directors or of any director, the period for which such appointment shall be made; (c) the vesting of controlling interest, in the reconstructed company, in the Central Government either by the appointment of additional directors or by the allotment of additional shares; (d) the alteration of the memorandum and articles of associations of the company, on its reconstruction, to give effect to such reconstruction; (e) subject to the provisions of the scheme, the continuation by or against the company, on its reconstruction, of any action or proceedings pending against the company immediately before the date of its reconstruction; (f) the reduction of the interest or rights which the members and creditors have in or against the company before its reconstruction to such extent as the Central Government may consider necessary in the interests of the general public or in the interests of the members and creditors or for the maintenance of the business of the company: Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall be deemed to authorise the reduction of the interest or rights of any 107J creditor (including Government) in respect of any loan or advance made by that creditor to the company after the date on which the management of the industrial undertaking of the company has been taken over under section 18A, section 18AA, or section 18FA: (g) the payment in cash or otherwise to the creditors in full satisfaction of their claim-- (i) in respect of their interest or rights in or against the company before its reconstruction ; or (ii) where their interest or rights in or against the company has or have been reduced under clause (f), in respect of such interest, or rights as so reduced; (h) the allotment to the members of the company for shares held by them therein before its reconstruction [whether their interest in such shares has been reduced under clause (f) or not], of shares in the company on its reconstruction and where it is not possible to allot shares to any members, the payment in cash to those members in full satisfaction of their claim-- (1) in respect of their interest in shares in the company before its reconstruction; or (2) where such interest has been reduced under clause (f), in respect of their interest in shares as so reduced; (i) the offer by the Central Government to acquire by negotiations with the members of the company their respective shares on payment in cash to those members who may volunteer to sell their shares to the Central Government in full satisfaction of their claim-- (1) in respect of their interest in shares in the company before its reconstruction; or (2) where such interest has been reduced under clause (f), in respect of their interest in shares as so reduced; (j) the conversion of any debentures issued by the company after the taking over of the management of the company under section 18A or section 18AA or section 18FA or of any loans obtained by the company after that date or of any part of such debentures or loans, into shares in the company and the allotment of those shares to such debenture-holders or creditors, as the case may be ; 107K (k) the increase of the capital of the company by the issue of new shares and the allotment of such new shares to the Central Government; (l) the continuance of the services of such of the employees of the company as the Central Government may specify in the scheme in the company itself, on its reconstruction, on such terms and conditions as the Central Government thinks fit; (m) notwithstanding anything contained in clause (l), where any employees of the company whose services have been continued under clause (l) have, by notice in writing given to the company at any time before the expiry of one month next following the date on which the scheme is sanctioned by the High Court, intimated their intention of not becoming employees of the company, on its reconstruction, the payment to such employees and to other employees whose services have not been continued on the reconstruction of the company, of compensation, if any, to which they are entitled under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947), and such pension, gratuity, provident fund and other retirement benefits ordinarily admissible to them under the rules or authorisations of the company immediately before the date of its reconstruction; (n) any other terms and conditions for the reconstruction of the company; (o) such incidental, consequential and supplemental matters as are necessary to secure that the reconstruction of the company shall be fully and effectively carried out. (3) (a) A copy of the scheme, as approved by the Central Government, shall be sent in draft to the company, to the registered trade unions, if any, of which the employees of the company are members and to the creditors thereof for suggestions and objections, if any, within such period as the Central Government may specify for this purpose. (b) The Central Government may make such modifications, if any, in the draft scheme as it may consider necessary in the light of the suggestions and objections received from the company, from the registered trade unions of which the employees of the company are members and from any members or creditors of the company. (4) The scheme shall thereafter be placed before the High Court for its sanction and the High Court, if satisfied that the scheme is in the interests of the general public or in the interests of the shareholders or for securing 107L the proper management of the company and that the scheme is designed to be fair and reasonable to the members and creditors of the company, may, after giving a reasonable opportunity to the company and to its members and creditors of showing cause, sanction the scheme without any modification or with such modifications as it may consider necessary. (5) The scheme, as so sanctioned by the High Court, shall come into force on such date as that Court may specify in this behalf: Provided that different dates may be specified for different provisions of the scheme. (6) The sanction accorded by the High Court under sub-section (4) shall be conclusive evidence that all the requirements of this section relating to the reconstruction of the company have been complied with, and a copy of the sanctioned scheme certified by the High Court to be a true copy thereof, shall, in all legal proceedings (whether original or in appeal or otherwise), be admitted as evidence to the same extent as the original scheme. (7) On and from the date of the coming into operation of the scheme or any provision thereof, the scheme or such provision shall be binding on the company and also on all the members and other creditors and employees of the company and on any other person having any right or liability in relation to the company. (8) On the coming into operation of the scheme or any provision thereof, the authorised person shall cease to function, and the management of the reconstructed company shall be assumed by the Board of directors as provided in the scheme. (9) Copies of the scheme shall be laid before each House of Parliament, as soon as may be, after the scheme has been sanctioned by the Court. (10) The provisions of this section and of any scheme made there- under shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in sections 391 to 394A (both inclusive) of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956). 18FG Preparation of inventory of assets and liabilities and list of membersand creditors of managed company. 18FG. Preparation of inventory of assets and liabilities and list of members and creditors of managed company. For the purposes of this Act, the authorised person shall, as soon as may be, after taking over the management of the industrial undertaking of a company under section 18A or section 18AA or section 18FA,-- (a) prepare a complete inventory of-- (i) all properties, movable and immovable, including lands, buildings, works, workshops, stores, instruments, plant, machinery, automobiles and other vehicles, stocks of materials in the course of production, storage or transit. 107M raw materials, cash balances, cash in hand, deposits in bank or with any other person or body or on loan, reserve funds, investments and book debts and all other rights and interests arising out of such property as were immediately before the date of taking over of the industrial undertaking in the ownership, possession, power or control of the company, whether within or without India ; and all books of account, registers, maps, plans, sections, drawings, records, documents or titles of ownership of property, and all other documents of whatever nature relating thereto; and (ii) all borrowings, liabilities and obligations of what-ever kind of the company including liability on account of terminal benefits to its employees subsisting immediately before the said date; (b) prepare separately a list of members, and a list of creditors, of such company as on the date of taking over of the management of the industrial undertaking showing separately in the list of creditors, the secured creditors and the unsecured creditors: Provided that where the management of the industrial undertaking of a company has been taken over under the said section 18A before the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1971, the aforesaid functions shall be performed by the authorised person within six months from such commencement. 18FH Stay of suits and other proceedings. 18FH. Stay of suits and other proceedings. In the case of a company in respect of which an order under section 18FD has been made, no suit or other legal proceeding shall be instituted or continued against the company except with the previous permission of the Central Government or any officer or authority authorised by that Government in this behalf.] CHAP CONTROL OF SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, PRICE, ETC., OF CERTAIN ARTICLES CHAPTER IIIB CONTROL OF SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, PRICE, ETC., OF CERTAIN ARTICLES 18G. Power to control supply, distribution, price, etc., of certainarticles. 18G. Power to control supply, distribution, price, etc., of certain articles. (1) The Central Government, so far as it appears to it to be necessary or expedient for securing the equitable distribution 108 and availability at fair prices of any article or class of articles relatable to any scheduled industry, may, notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, by notified order, provide for regulating the supply and distribution thereof and trade and commerce therein. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), a notified order made thereunder may provide-- (a) for controlling the prices at which any such article or class thereof may be bought or sold; (b) for regulating by licences, permits or otherwise the distribution, transport, disposal, acquisition, possession, use or consumption of any such article or class thereof; (c) for prohibiting the withholding from sale of any such article or class thereof ordinarily kept for sale; (d) for requiring any person manufacturing, producing or holding in stock any such article or class thereof to sell the whole or part of the articles so manufactured or produced during a specified period or to sell the whole or a part of the articles so held in stock to such person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order; (e) for regulating or prohibiting any class of commercial or financial transactions relating to such article or class thereof which in the opinion of the authority making the order are, or if unregulated are likely to be, detrimental to public interest; (f) for requiring persons engaged in the distribution and trade and commerce in any such article or class thereof to mark the articles exposed or intended for sale with the sale price or to exhibit at some easily accessible place on the premises the price-lists of articles held for sale and also to similarly exhibit on the first day of every month, or at such other time as may be prescribed, a statement of the total quantities of any such articles in stock; (g) for collecting any information or statistics with a view to regulating or prohibiting any of the aforesaid matters; and (h) for any incidental or supplementary matters, including, in particular, the grant or issue of licences, permits or other documents and the charging of fees therefor. 109 (3) Where, in pursuance of any order made with reference to clause (d) of sub-section (2), any person sells any article, there shall be paid to him the price therefor-- (a) where the price can consistently with the controlled price if any, be fixed by agreement, the price so agreed upon; (b) where no such agreement can be reached, the price calculated with reference to the controlled price, if any, fixed under this section; (c) where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price calculated at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale. (4) No order made in exercise of any power conferred by this section shall be called in question in any Court. (5) Where an order purports to have been made and signed by an authority in exercise of any power conferred by this section. a Court shall, within the meaning of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), presume that such order was so made by that authority. Explanation.--In this section, the expression 'article or class of articles' relatable to any scheduled industry includes any article or class of articles imported into India which is of the same nature or description as the article or class of articles manufactured or produced in the scheduled industry.] CHAP MISCELLANEOUS CHAPTER IV MISCELLANEOUS 19. Powers of inspection. 19. Powers of inspection. (1) For the purpose of ascertaining the position or working of any industrial undertaking or for any other purpose mentioned in this Act or the rules made thereunder, any person authorized by the Central Government in this behalf shall have the right-- (a) to enter and inspect any premises; (b) to order the production of any document, book, register or record in the possession or power of any person having the control of, or employed in connection with, any industrial undertaking; and (c) to examine any person having the control of, or employed in connection with, any industrial undertaking. (2) Any person authorized by the Central Government under sub- section (1) shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). 110 20. General prohibition of taking over management or control of industrialundertakings. 20. General prohibition of taking over management or control of industrial undertakings. After the commencement of this Act, it shall not be competent for any State Government or a local authority to take over the management or control of any industrial undertaking under any law for the time being in force which authorizes any such Government or local authority so to do. 21. Certain administrative expenses of Development Councils to be paidfrom moneys provided by Parliament. 21. Certain administrative expenses of Development Councils to be paid from moneys provided by Parliament. Such administrative expenses as relate to the emoluments of officers of a Development Council who are appointed by or with the approval of the Central Government, shall be defrayed out of moneys provided by Parliament. 22. Power of the Central Government to issue directions to DevelopmentCouncils. 22. Power of the Central Government to issue directions to Development Councils. In the exercise of its functions under this Act, every Development Council shall be guided by such instructions as may be given to it by the Central Government and such instructions may include directions relating to the manner in which, and the purpose for which, any proceeds of the cess levied under section 9 which may have been handed over to it, shall be expended. 23. Decision of Central Government final respecting certain matters. 1*[23. Decision of Central Government final respecting certain matters. If, for the purposes of this Act, any question arises as to whether-- (a) there has been a substantial expansion of an industrial undertaking, or (b) an industrial undertaking is producing or manufacturing any new article, the decision of the Central Government thereon shall be final.] 24. Penalties. 24. Penalties. 2*[(1) If any person contravenes or attempts to contravene or abets the contravention of-- (i) the provisions of sub-section (1) 3*[or sub-section (4)] of section 10 or of sub-section (1) of section 11 or of section 11A or of sub-section (1) of section 13 4*[or of 5*[sub-sections (2), (2A), (2D), (2F) and (2G) of section 29B], or (ii) any direction issued under section 16 or sub-section (3) of section 18B, or (iii) any order made under section 18G, or (iv) any rule the contravention of which is made punishable under this section, he shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 14, for the original section. 2. Subs. by s. 15, ibid., for the original sub-section. 3. Ins. by Act 67 of 1973, s. 3 (w.e.f. 7-2-1974). 4. Ins. by Act 71 of 1956, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-3-1957). 5. Subs. by Act 4 of 1984, s. 4 (w.e.f. 12-1-1984). 111 with both, and, in the case of a continuing contravention, with an additional fine which may extend to five hundred rupees for every day during which such contravention continues after conviction for the first such contravention.] (2) If the person contravening any of the said provisions is a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the contravention and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly : Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment provided in this Act, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director or manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation.--For the purposes of this section,-- (a) "company" means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and (b) "director" in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm. 24A. Penalty for false statements. 1*[24A. Penalty for false statements. If any person,-- (a) when required by this Act or by any order under this Act to make any statement or furnish any information, makes any statement or furnishes any information which is false in any material particular and which he knows or has reasonable cause to believe to be false or does not believe to be true; or (b) makes any such statement as aforesaid in any book, account, record, declaration, return or other document which he is required by any order made under this Act to maintain or furnish; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 16. 112 he shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both.] 25. Delegation of powers. 1*[25. Delegation of powers. (1) The Central Government may, by notified order, direct that any power exercisable by it under this Act (other than the power given to it by sections 16 2*[18A, 18AA and 18FA]) shall, in relation to such matters and subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in the direction, be exercisable also by such officer or authority (including in the said expressions any Development Council, State Government or officer or authority subordinate to the Central Government) as may be specified in the direction. (2) Any power exercisable by a State Government by virtue of a direction under sub-section (1) may, unless otherwise provided in such direction, be exercised also by such officer or authority subordinate to that State Government as it may, by notified order, specify in this behalf. 26. Power to issue directions. 26. Power to issue directions. The Central Government may give directions to any State Government as to the carrying into execution in the State of any of the provisions of this Act or of any order or direction made thereunder. 27. Cognizance of offences. 27. Cognizance of offences. No Court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act except on a report in writing of the facts constituting such offence made by a person who is a public servant as defined in section 21 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). 28. Burden of proof in certain cases. 28. Burden of proof in certain cases. Where any person is prosecuted for contravening any order made under section 18G which prohibits him from doing an act or being in possession of a thing without lawful authority or without a permit, licence or other document, the burden of proving that he has such authority, permit, licence or other document shall be on him. 29. Jurisdiction of Courts. 29. Jurisdiction of Courts. (1) Subject to the provisions of sub- section (2), no Court inferior to that of a Presidency Magistrate or a Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence punishable under this Act. (2) Any Magistrate or bench of Magistrates empowered, for the time being, to try in a summary way the offences specified in sub- section (1) of section 260 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898), may, on application in this behalf being made by the prosecution, try, in accordance with the ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 17, for original sections 25 to 29. 2. Subs. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 7, for "and 18A" (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 113 provisions contained in sections 262 to 265 of the said Code any offence which consists of a contravention of an order made under section 18G. 29A. Special provision regarding fines. 29A. Special provision regarding fines. Notwithstanding anything contained in section 32 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898), it shall be lawful for any Magistrate of the first class and for any Presidency Magistrate to pass a sentence of fine exceeding one thousand rupees on any person convicted of any offence under this Act. 29B. Power to exempt in special cases. 29B. Power to exempt in special cases. 1*[(1)] If the Central Government is of opinion, having regard to the smallness of the number of workers employed or to the amount invested in any industrial undertaking or to the desirability of encouraging small undertakings generally or to the stage of development of any scheduled industry, that it would not be in public interest to apply all or any of the provisions of this Act thereto, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, exempt, subject to such conditions as it may think fit to impose, any industrial undertaking or class of industrial undertakings or any scheduled industry or class of scheduled industries as it may specify in the notification from the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act or of any rule or order made thereunder. 2*[(2) Where any notification under sub-section (1) granting any exemption is cancelled, no owner of any industrial undertaking to which the provisions of section 10, section 11, section 11A or clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 13 would have applied, if the notification under sub-section (1) had not been issued, shall carry on the business of the undertaking after the expiry of such period as may be specified in the notification cancelling the exemption except under and in accordance with a licence issued in this behalf by the Central Government and, in the case of a State Government, except under and in accordance with the previous permission of the Central Government. 3*[(2A) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1), the Central Government may, if it is satisfied, after considering the recommendations made to it by the Advisory Committee constituted under sub-section (2B), that it is necessary so to do for the development and expansion of ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings, by notified order, direct that any article or class of articles specified in the First Schedule shall, on and from such date as may be specified in the notified order (hereafter in this section referred to as the "date of reservation"), be reserved for exclusive production by the ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings (hereafter in this section referred to as "reserved article"). (2B) The Central Government shall, with a view to determining the nature of any article or class of articles that may be reserved for production by the ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings, constitute an Advisory Committee consisting of such persons as have, in the opinion of that Government, the necessary expertise to give advice on the matter. (2C) The Advisory Committee shall, after considering the following matters, communicate its recommendations to the Central Government, namely:-- (a) the nature of any article or class of articles which may be produced economically by the ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings; (b) the level of employment likely to be generated by the production of such article or class of articles by the ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings; (c) the possibility of encouraging and diffusing entrepreneurship in industry; (d) the prevention of concentration of economic power to the common detriment; and (e) such other matters as the Advisory Committee may think fit. (2D) The production of any reserved article or class of reserved articles by any industrial undertaking (not being an ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertaking) which, on the date of reservation, is engaged in, or has taken effective steps for, the production of any reserved article or class of reserved articles, shall, after the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1984, or, as the case may be, the date of reservation, whichever is later, be subject to such conditions as the Central Government may, by notified order, specify. (2E) While specifying any condition under sub-section (2D), the Central Government may take into consideration the level of production of any reserved article or class of reserved articles achieved, immediately before the date of reservation, by the industrial undertaking referred to in sub-section (2D), and such other factors as may be relevant. (2F) Every person or authority, not being the Central Government, who, or which, is registered under section 10 or to whom, or to which, a licence has been issued or permission has been granted under section 11 for the production of any article or class of articles which has, or have, been subsequently reserved for the ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings, shall produce, such registration certificate, licence or permission, as the case may be, within such period as the Central Government may, by notified order, specify in this behalf, and the Central Government may enter therein all or any of the conditions specified by it under sub-section (2D), including the productive capacity of the industrial undertakings and other prescribed particulars. (2G) The owner of every industrial undertaking (not being an ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertaking) which, immediately before the commencement of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 1984, or the date of reservation, whichever is later,-- (a) was engaged in the production of any article or class of articles, which has, or have, been reserved for the ancillary, or small scale, industrial undertakings, or (b) had before such commencement or before the date of such reservation, as the case may be, taken effective steps for commencing the production of such reserved article or class of reserved articles, without being registered under section 10 or in respect of which a licence or permission has not been issued under section 11, shall refrain from the production of such reserved article or class of reserved articles, on and from the date of expiry of three months from such commencement or from the date of such reservation, whichever is later. (2H) Every notified order made under sub-section (2A) shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days, which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the sessions immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the notified order or both Houses agree that the notified order should not be made, the notified order shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that notified order.'. (3) The provisions of this Act shall apply, so far as may be, in relation the issue of a licence or permission to any industrial undertaking referred in sub-section (2) as they apply in relation to the issue of a licence or permission to a new industrial undertaking.] 29C. Protection of action taken under the Act. 29C. Protection of action taken under the Act. (1) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or any rule or order made thereunder. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. S. 29B re-numbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act 71 of 1956, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-3-1957). 2. Ins. by s. 5, ibid (w.e.f. 1-3-1957). 3. Ins. by Act 4 of 1984, s. 5 (w.e.f. 12-1-1984). 114 (2) No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Government for any damage caused or likely to be caused by anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder.] 29D. Debts incurred by the authorised person to have priority. 1*[29D. Debts incurred by the authorised person to have priority. Every debt arising out of any loan obtained by the authorised person for carrying on the management of, or exercising functions of control in relation to an industrial undertaking or part thereof, the management of which has been taken over under section 18A or section 18AA or section 18FA,-- (a) shall have priority over all other debts, whether secured or unsecured, incurred before the management of such industrial undertaking was taken over; (b) shall be a preferential debt within the meaning of section 530 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), and such debts shall rank equally among themselves and be paid in full out of the assets of the industrial undertaking unless such assets are insufficient to meet them, in which case they shall abate in equal proportions.] 30. Power to make rules. 30. Power to make rules. (1) The Central Government may, subject to the condition of previous publication, make rules 2* for carrying out the purposes of this Act. (2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:-- (a) the constitution of the Advisory Council and Development Councils, the term of office and other conditions of service of, the procedure to be followed by, and the manner of filling casual vacancies among, members of the Advisory Council or a Development Council; (b) the form of the statement of account to be furnished by a Development Council; (c) the intervals at which, the time within which, and the manner in which, the cess leviable under section 9 shall be payable and the rebate for the prompt payment of such cess; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 2. See the Central Advisory Council (Procedural) Rules, 1952, Gazette of India, 1952, Extraordinary, Pt. II, See. 3, p. 540; the Registration and Licensing of Industrial Undertakings Rules, 1952, ibid., p. 617 and the Development Councils (Procedural) Rules, 1952, ibid., 1953, p. 467. 115 (d) the expenses which a Development Council may meet from the proceeds of the cess levied under section 9 which may have been handed over to it; (e) the appointment by or with the approval of the Central Government of any officers of a Development Council; (f) the facilities to be provided by any industrial undertaking for the training of technicians and labour; (g) the collection of any information or statistics in respect of any scheduled industry; (h) the manner in which industrial undertakings may be registered under section 10 and the levy of a fee therefor; (i) the procedure for the grant or issue of licences and permissions under 1*[section 11, section 11A, 2*[section 13 or section 29B]], the time within which such licences or permissions shall be granted or issued including, in particular, the publication of notices calling for applications and the holding of such public inquiry in relation thereto as may be necessary in the circumstances; (j) the fees to be levied in respect of licences and permissions issued under this Act; (k) the matters which may be taken into account in the granting or issuing of licences and permissions, including in particular, the previous consultation by the Central Government with the Advisory Council or any Development Council or both in regard to the grant or issue of any such licences or permissions; (l) the procedure to be followed in making any investigation under this Act; (m) the conditions which may be included in any licences and permission; (n) the conditions on which licences and permissions may be varied or amended under section 12; (o) the maintenance of books, accounts and records relating to an industrial undertaking; (p) the submission of special or periodical returns relating to an industrial undertaking by persons having the control of, or employed in connection with, such undertaking, and the ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1953, s. 18, for "section 11 or section 13". 2. Subs. by Act 71 of 1956, s. 6, for "or section 13" (w.e.f. 1-3- 1957). 116 forms in which, and the authorities to which such returns and reports shall be submitted; 1*[(pp) any matter which is to be or may be prescribed for giving effect to the provisions of Chapter IIIAA or Chapter IIIAC;] (q) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed under this Act. (3) Any rule made under this section may provide that a contravention thereof shall be punishable under section 24. 2*[(4) Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.] 31. Application of other laws not barred. 31. Application of other laws not barred. The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to and not, save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, in derogation of any other Central Act for the time being in force, relating to any of the scheduled industries. 32. Amendment of section 2 of Act 14 of 1947. 32. [Amendment of section 2 of Act 14 of 1947.] Rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1957 (36 of 1957), s. 2 and Sch. 1. SCHE See sections 2 and 3 (i) 3*[THE FIRST SCHEDULE [See sections 2 and 3 (i)] Any industry engaged in the manufacture or production of any of the articles mentioned under each of the following headings or sub- headings, namely:-- 1. METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES : A. Ferrous : (1) Iron and steel (Metal). (2) Ferro-alloys. (3) Iron and Steel castings and forgings. (4) Iron and Steel structurals. (5) Iron and Steel pipes. (6) Special steels. (7) Other products of iron and steel. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971). 2. Subs. by Act 4 of 1986, s. 2 and Sch. (w.e.f. 15-5-1986). 3. Subs. by Act 71 of 1956, s. 7, for the original Schedule (w.e.f. 1-3-1957). 116A B. Non-ferrous: 1*[(1) Precious metals, including gold and silver, and their alloys. (1A) Other non-ferrous metals and their alloys.] (2) Semi-manufactures and manufactures. 2. FUELS: (1) Coal, lignite, coke and their derivatives. (2) Mineral oil (crude oil), motor and aviation spirit, diesel oil, kerosene oil, fuel oil, diverse hydrocarbon oils and their blends including synthetic fuels, lubricating oils and the like. (3) Fuel gases--(coal gas, natural gas and the like). 3. BOILERS AND STEAM GENERATING PLANTS: Boilers and steam generating plants. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1962, s. 2, for item (1). 117 4. PRIME MOVERS (OTHER THAN ELECTRICAL GENERATORS) (1) Steam engines and turbines. (2) Internal combustion engines. 5. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT: (1) Equipment for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity including transformers. (2) Electrical motors. (3) Electrical fans. (4) Electrical lamps. (5) Electrical furnaces. (6) Electrical cables and wires. (7) X-ray equipment. (8) Electronic equipment. (9) Household appliances such as electric irons, heaters and the like. (10) Storage batteries. (11) Dry cells. 6. TELECOMMUNICATIONS: (1) Telephones. (2) Telegraph equipment. (3) Wireless communication apparatus. (4) Radio receivers, including amplifying and public address equipment. (5) Television sets. (6) Teleprinters. 7. TRANSPORTATION: (1) Aircraft. (2) Ships and other vessels drawn by power. (3) Railway locomotives. (4) Railway rolling stock. (5) Automobiles (motor cars, buses, trucks, motor cycles, scooters and the like). (6) Bicycles. (7) Others, such as fork lift trucks and the like. 118 8. INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY: A. Major items of specialised equipment used in specific industries:-- (1) Textile machinery (such as spinning frames, carding machines, powerlooms and the like) including textile accessories. (2) Jute machinery. (3) Rayon machinery. (4) Sugar machinery. (5) Tea machinery. (6) Mining machinery. (7) Metallurgical machinery. (8) Cement machinery. (9) Chemical machinery. (10) Pharmaceuticals machinery. (11) Paper machinery. B. General items of machinery used in several industries, such as the equipment required for various 'unit processes: (1) size reduction equipment--crushers, ball mills and the like. (2) Conveying equipment--bucket elevators, skip hoists, cranes, derricks and the like. (3) Size separation units--screens, classifiers and the like. (4) Mixers and reactors--kneading mills, turbo mixers and the like. (5) Filtration equipment--filter presses, rotary filters and the like. (6) Centrifugal machines. (7) Evaporators. (8) Distillation equipment. (9) Crystallisers. (10) Driers. (11) Power driven pumps--reciprocating, centrifugal and the like. (12) Air and gas compressors and vacuum pipes (excluding electrical furnaces). (13) Refrigeration plants for industrial use. 118A. (14) Fire fighting equipment and appliances including Fire engines. C. Other items of industrial Machinery: (1) Ball, roller and tapered bearings. (2) Speed reduction units. (3) Grinding wheels and abrasives. 9. MACHINE TOOLS: Machine tools. 10. AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY: (1) Tractors, harvestors and the like. (2) Agricultural implements. 11. EARTH-MOVING MACHINERY: Bulldozers, dumpers, scrapers, loaders, shovels, drag lines, bucket wheel excavators, road rollers and the like. 12. MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL AND ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES: (1) Plastic moulded goods. (2) Hand tools, small tools and the like. (3) Razor blades. 1*[(4) Pressure Cookers. (5) Cutlery. (6) Steel furniture.] 13. COMMERCIAL, OFFICE AND HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT: (1) Typewriters. (2) Calculating machines. (3) Air conditioners and refrigerators. (4) Vacuum cleaners. (5) Sewing and knitting machines. (6) Hurricane lanterns. 14. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL APPLIANCES: Surgical instruments--sterilisers, incubators and the like. 15. INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS: (1) Water meters, steam meters, electricity meters and the like. (2) Indicating, recording and regulating devices for pressure, temperature, rate of flow, weights, levels and the like. (3) Weighing machines. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 17 of 1979, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1978). 118B 16. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS: Scientific instruments. 17. MATHEMATICAL, SURVEYING AND DRAWING INSTRUMENTS: Mathematical, surveying and drawing instruments. 18. FERTILISERS: (1) Inorganic fertilisers. (2) Organic fertilisers. (3) Mixed fertilisers. 19. CHEMICALS (OTHER THAN FERTILISERS): (1) Inorganic heavy chemicals. (2) Organic heavy chemicals. (3) Fine chemicals including photographic chemicals. (4) Synthetic resins and plastics. (5) Paints, varnishes and enamels. (6) Synthetic rubbers. (7) Man-made fibres including regenerated cellulose-rayon, nylon and the like. (8) Coke oven by-products. (9) Coal tar distillation products like nephathalene, anthracene and the like. (10) Explosives including gun powder and safety fuses. (11) Insecticides, fungicides, weedicides and the like. (12) Textile auxiliaries. (13) Sizing materials including starch. (14) Miscellaneous chemicals. 20. PHOTOGRAPHIC RAW FILM AND PAPER: (1) Cinema film. (2) Photographic amateur film. (3) Photographic printing paper. 21. DYE-STUFFS: Dye-stuffs. 22. DRUGS AND PHARMACEUTICALS: Drugs and pharmaceuticals. 118C 23. TEXTILES (INCLUDING THOSE DYED, PRINTED OR OTHERWISE PROCESSED): (1) made wholly or in part of cotton, including cotton yarn, hosiery and rope. (2) made wholly or in part of jute, including jute twine and rope. (3) made wholly or in part of wool, including wool tops, woollen yarn, hosiery, carpets and druggets. (4) made wholly or in part of silk, including silk yarn and hosiery. (5) made wholly or in part of synthetic, artificial (man- made) fibres, including yarn and hosiery of such fibres. 24. PAPER AND PULP INCLUDING PAPER PRODUCTS: (1) Paper--writing, printing and wrapping. (2) Newsprint. (3) Paper board and straw board. (4) Paper for packaging (corrugated paper, kraft paper, paper bags, paper containers and the like). (5) Pulp-wood pulp, mechanical, chemical, including dissolving pulp. 25. SUGAR: Sugar. 26. FERMENTATION INDUSTRIES: (1) Alcohol. (2) Other products of fermentation industries. 27. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES: (1) Canned fruits and fruit products. (2) Milk foods. (3) Malted foods. (4) Flour. (5) Other processed foods. 28. VEGETABLE OILS AND VANASPATHI: (1) Vegetable oils, including solvent extracted oils. (2) Vanaspathi. 118D 29. SOAPS, COSMETICS AND TOILET PREPARATIONS: (1) Soaps. (2) Glycerine. (3) Cosmetics. (4) Perfumery. (5) Toilet preparations. 30. RUBBER GOODS: (1) Tyres and tubes. (2) Surgical and medicinal products including prophylactics. (3) Footwear. (4) Other rubber goods. 31. LEATHER, LEATHER GOODS AND PICKERS: Leather, leather goods and pickers. 32. GLUE AND GELATIN: Glue and gelatin. 33. GLASS: (1) Hollow ware. (2) Sheet and plate glass. (3) Optical glass. (4) Glass wool. (5) Laboratory ware. (6) Miscellaneous ware. 34. CERAMICS: (1) Fire bricks. (2) Refractories. (3) Furnace lining bricks--acidic, basic and neutral. (4) China ware and pottery. (5) Sanitary ware. (6) Insulators. (7) Tiles. 1*[(8) Graphite Crucibles.] 35. CEMENT AND GYPSUM PRODUCTS: (1) Portland cement. (2) Asbestos cement. (3) Insulating boards. (4) Gypsum board, wall boards and the like. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 17 of 1979, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1978). 118E 36. TIMBER PRODUCTS: (1) Plywood (2) Hardboard, including fibre-board, chip-board and the like. (3) Matches. (4) Miscellaneous (furniture components, bobbins, shuttles and the like). 37. DEFENCE INDUSTRIES: Arms and ammunition. 38. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES: 1*[(1)] Cigarettes. 2*[(2) Linoleum, whether felt based or jute based.] 3*[(3) Zip fasteners (metallic and non-metallic). (4) Oil stoves. (5) Printing, including litho printing industry.] Explanation 1.--The articles specified under each of the headings Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 shall include their component parts and accessories. Explanation 2.--The articles specified under each of the headings Nos. 18, 19, 21 and 22 shall include the intermediates required for their manufacture.] SCHE See section 6(4) THE SECOND SCHEDULE [See section 6(4)] Functions which may be assigned to Development Councils:-- (1) Recommending targets for production, co-ordinating production programmes and reviewing progress from time to time. (2) Suggesting norms of efficiency with a view to eliminating waste, obtaining maximum production, improving quality and reducing costs. (3) Recommending measures for securing the fuller utilisation of the installed capacity and for improving the working of the industry, particularly of the less efficient units. (4) Promoting arrangements for better marketing and helping in the devising of a system of distribution and sale of the produce of the industry which would be satisfactory to the consumer. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Numbered by Act 67 of 1973, s. 4 (w.e.f. 7-2-1974). 2. Ins. by s. 4, ibid, (w.e.f. 7-2-1974). 3. Ins. by Act 17 of 1979, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1978). 118F (5) Promoting standardisation of products. (6) Assisting in the distribution of controlled materials and promoting arrangements for obtaining materials for the industry. (7) Promoting or undertaking inquiry as to materials and equipment and as to methods of production, management and labour utilisation, including the discovery and development of new materials, equipment and methods and of improvements in those already in use, the assessment of the advantages of different alternatives and the conduct of experimental establishments and of tests on a commercial scale. (8) Promoting the training of persons engaged or proposing engagement in the industry and their education in technical or artistic subjects relevant thereto. (9) Promoting the retraining in alternative occupations of personnel engaged in or retrenched from the industry. 119 (10) Promoting or undertaking scientific and industrial research, research into matters affecting industrial psychology and research into matters relating to production and to the consumption or use of goods and services supplied by the industry. (11) Promoting improvements and standardisation of accounting and costing methods and practice. (12) Promoting or undertaking the collection and formulation of statistics. (13) Investigating possibilities of decentralizing stages and processes of production with a view to encouraging the growth of allied small scale and cottage industries. (14) Promoting the adoption of measures for increasing the productivity of labour, including measures for securing safer and better working conditions and the provision and improvement of amenities and incentives for workers. (15) Advising on any matters relating to the industry (other than remuneration and conditions of employment) as to which the Central Government may request the Development Council to advise and undertaking inquiries for the purpose of enabling the Development Council so to advise; and (16) Undertaking arrangements for making available to the industry information obtained and for advising on matters with which the Development Councils are concerned in the exercise of any of their functions. SCHE See section 18FB 1*[THE THIRD SCHEDULE (See section 18FB) 1. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 (20 of 1946). 2. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947). 3. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (11 of 1948). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Ins. by Act 72 of 1971, s. 10 (w.e.f. 1-11-1971).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumni
12.THE ALUMNI OF THE ALMA MATER MOHANLAL HARGOVINDAS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN , JABALPUR,M.P. -1981-1986 http://gmhcollege.nic.in/library.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater
Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother". It was used in
ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in
Medieval Christianity for the Virgin Mary. In modern times
it is used to refer to the university or college a person attends
or attended.
Government M.H. College of Home Science and Science for Women, Jabalpur,Napier Town, ;Jabalpur - 482002, Madhya Pradesh, India. http://gmhcollege.nic.in/maps.htm http://gmhcollege.nic.in/ http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/mbwpgcjabalpur/ aboutus.htmThe college Auditorium has witnessed many cultural and social programmes, including the most celebrated event that is the Inter-College Youth Festival. http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/mbwpgcjabalpur/ default.htm
http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/mbwpgcjabalpur/depart.htm
Department of Psychology
http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/mbwpgcjabalpur/books.htm
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi
Rahul Gandhi attended St.Columba's School, New Delhi[4] before entering the The Doon School. The Doon School had been his father's alma mater. [5] Rahul Gandhi attended Doon from 1981-83 before being home-schooled for security reasons.[citation needed] His admission to St Stephen's College was controversial as he was believed to have been admitted on the basis of his abilities as a competitive pistol shooter, which was disputed.[citation needed] He left the school in 1990, after one year of education.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Columba%27s_School_%28Delhi%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci's travel journals, published 1502-4, convinced Martin Waldseemüller that the discovered place was not India, as Columbus always believed, but a new continent, and in 1507, a year after Columbus' death, Waldseemüller published a world map calling the new continent America from Vespucci's Latinized name "Americus". Though he never set foot in what today is the United States, Columbus is sometimes viewed as a hero in that country.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.[8] A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.
History
Native Americans and European settlers
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska, migrated from Asia. They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago.[24] Several indigenous communities in the pre-Columbian era developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. European explorer Christopher Columbus arrived at Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493, making first contact with the Native Americans. In the years that followed, the majority
of the Native American population was killed by epidemics of Eurasian diseases.[25]
Spaniards established the earliest European colonies on the mainland, in the area they named Florida; of these, only St. Augustine, founded in 1565, remains. Later Spanish settlements in the present-day southwestern United States drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the revolution, an estimated 50,000 convicts were shipped to England's, and later Great Britain's, American colonies.[26] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch established settlements along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. The small settlement of New Sweden, founded along the Delaware River in 1638, was taken over by the Dutch in 1655.
In the French and Indian War, the colonial extension of the Seven Years' War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. By 1674, British forces had won the former Dutch colonies in the Anglo-Dutch Wars; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had active local and colonial governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self government that stimulated support for republicanism. All had legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonies doubled in population every twenty-five years. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. By 1770, the colonies had an increasingly Anglicized population of three million, approximately half that of Britain itself. Though subject to British taxation, they were given no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Washington
"The Taking of the City of Washington in America," 1814 engraving
http://weblogs.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/blog/foreign_policy/
http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/proj_tabloid/photofeature191202a.shtml
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/7869194.cms
| Shivani murder case |
 It was Jan 23, 1999, Shivani Bhatnagar, principal correspondent of Indian Express was found murdered in her flat in East Delhi. She was at home alone with her infant son, when the murder took place.R K Sharma, a senior Haryana cadre IPS officer was found to be prime accused in the case.
He was on the run since August 3 this year, ever since the Delhi police issued an arrested warrant against him in connection with the murder case. |
 Online edition of India's National Newspaper Saturday, Sep 28, 2002 |
Group Publications Business Line The Sportstar Frontline The Hindu |
Front Page  
R.K. Sharma surrenders in Ambala court By Our Special Correspondent
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Gulshan Kumar murder case
24 Apr 2002, 1625 hrs IST,PTI
mumbai: following is the chronology of events in the gulshan kumar murder case. august 12, 1997 : gulshan kumar is shot dead at jeet nagar in juhu. august 30, 1997 : mumbai police commissioner r h mendonca declares that music composer nadeem akhtar saifee is the prime conspirator. police allege that nadeem had hired the killers. october 6, 1997 : the owner of tips cassettes, ramesh taurani, is arrested on charges of abetting the crime. police allege he paid rs 25 lakh to gulshan kumar's killers. november 28, 1997 : police file a 400-page chargesheet, accusing 26 people of conspiring to kill gulshan kumar. fifteen of them are arrested. of these, mohammed ali shaikh turns approver. september 9, 1998 : accused shafi ahmed, alias shafi mamu, is arrested. police allege he sent the killers to dubai to meet contract killer abu salem. he is also charged with giving pagers and mobile phones to the killers. september 5, 1999 : thane rural police arrest two more people accused in the case: rasheed daud merchant (alleged assassin) and fatima daud merchant in uttar pradesh. september 21, 1999 : hearing an extradition case filed by the government of india against nadeem, bow street magistrate in london rules that there is prima facie case against nadeem and recommends his extradition december 21, 2000 : the london high court rejects the government of india's plea to extradite nadeem. he is discharged from the case. the court also passes strictures against the police, saying the evidence is tainted. january 8, 2001 : abdul rauf daud merchant (another alleged assassin) is arrested in kolkata. april 27, 2001 : shafi ahmed is the first accused to be discharged in the case. prosecution concedes there is no evidence against him. april 30, 2001 : charges are framed against 17 accused. one of the accused pratap singh shaukin is discharged due to lack of evidence. shaukin was accused of helping the killers escape. he allegedly took them from mumbra in nearby thane to nasik in his tempo. june 18, 2001 : trial begins. ramchandra lavangare, an eyewitness, identifies the alleged assassins — abdul rashid daud and abdul rauf daud merchant — in the court. june 20, 2001 : another eye witness sahibrao fuke identifies the alleged killers in the court of justice m l tahilyani. june 27, 2001 : keki balsara, key to the prosecution's case against nadeem, is found dead in the washroom of the city police headquarters. january 8, 2002 : approver mohammed ali shaikh refuses to identify the alleged killers in court. he says he did not know nadeem. he is declared hostile, and pardon granted to him is withdrawn. january 10, 2002 : ten of the accused are granted bail after prosecution says it would not produce any new evidence against them. april 16, 2002 : prosecution accepts there is no evidence against 15 of the 19 people accused in the case. april 23, 2002 : the sessions court rejects the conspiracy charge levelled by the prosecution against the accused. april 24, 2002 : 18 of the 19 accused are acquitted. one is found guilty. related stories
http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970813/nl-body.jpg
A prominent Indian music director has won his appeal at the High Court in London to avoid extradition to India on a murder charge.
Nadeem Akhtar Saifi had been charged by Indian police with murdering the Indian music producer, Gulshan Kumar, in Bombay in 1997.
Nadeem Saifi: Said he would not get fair trial
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The murder sent shockwaves throughout the Indian music industry, and brought to the surface the numerous extortion rackets associated with the huge film business in Bombay, known as Bollywood.
Nadeem Akhtar Saifi's lawyer had previously told the High Court that Mr Saifi had been implicated in the murder of Gulshan Kumar two months after he and his wife came to Britain.
Mr Saifi had apparently intended to return to India, but changed his mind due to serious doubts about the genuineness of the proceedings against him
He also feared that as a Muslim he would not get a fair trial in India.
His defence team had asked the two High Court judges to block his extradition on the grounds that false evidence against him had been obtained through what was described as "inhuman treatment and coercion" of a key witness by the Indian police.
Retracted confession
Today, the judges ruled that the accusation of murder and conspiracy made against Nadeem Akhtar Saifi had not been made in good faith and in the interests of justice.
One of the sitting judges, Lord Justice Rose, told the court that it would not be fair and just to return the applicant to India because of the apparent misbehaviour by the police in pursuing their inquiries.
The case for the prosecution had rested on the evidence of Mohammed Ali Shaikh, who confessed to being part of the murder conspiracy and implicated Mr Saifi as co-conspirator before a magistrate in Bombay.
But according to Mr Saifi's lawyers, Mr Ali Shaikh later retracted his confession saying it had been obtained through police coercion.
Lawyers for the Indian Government have indicated that they will challenge Thursday's ruling in the upper house of parliament.
| The Kinetic TFR Pedal Moped | |||
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We are now entering the era of Peak Oil with world oil demand exceeding supply pushing oil prices to new highs daily. The uncertainty of global terrorism coupled with insufficient oil production capacity and booming demand for oil in Asia is ensuring high oil prices are here to stay.
Mopeds are the most economical vehicles after the bicycle and this will ensure their survival for at least another fifty years. The very design of the moped however is its greatest asset, just like the bicycle which uses human power, mopeds also use human power to assist their progress. Technology will get better and new forms of power will emerge, but the human body is unlikely to evolve any time soon, we will always have legs and at least a few of us will want to keep riding bicycles, somewhere on the fringe of the bicycle market will always remain a market small or perhaps also huge for mopeds with pedals that can be ridden like a bike or a motorcycle, or both as the rider chooses. The evolution of the moped has a long way to go when compared with the bicycle which has had multi-speed pedaling ratios for decades, the moped has yet to trial multi-speed pedaling ratios commercially. I believe it will be the ability to assist the moped by pedaling at whatever speed that will see the next moped boom be its biggest yet. The mopeds minimal design will come and go with fashion, but its sheer logic will always ensure its infinite survival. Moped!
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Hero Ankur Moped Pedal Start 2 Stroke 49cc
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism
Pentecost I'pentI,knstj n. 1 a Whit Sunday. b a festival celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Whit Sunday. 2 a the Jewish harvest festival, on the fiftieth day after the second day of Passover (Lev. 23:
15-16). b' a synagogue ceremony on the anniversary of the giving of the Law on Mount Sinai. rOE pentecosten & OF pentecoste, [ ecd.L pentecoste f. Gk pentekoste (hemera) fiftieth (day)] Pentecostal j,pentI'knst(a)lj adj. & n. -adj. (also pentecostal) 1 of or relating to Pentecost. 2 of or designating Christian sects and individuals who emphasize the gifts of the Holy Spirit, are often fundamentalist in outl~ and express religious feelings by clapping, shouting, dancing, etc. - n.
a Pentecostalist. DO Pentecostalism n.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon
- This article is about the United States military building. For the shape, see Pentagon.
The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington, Virginia. As a symbol of the U.S. military, "the Pentagon" is often used metonymically to refer to the Department of Defense rather than the building itself.
September 11, 2001
Security camera image of the moment that American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon.[11]
Picture of the Pentagon before part of the outer wall collapsed on 9/11.
The damaged section of the Pentagon in October 2001.
Pentagon lit up for 9/11 anniversary.
Exactly 60 years to the day after the groundbreaking ceremony, the September 11, 2001 attacks occurred. American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the west side of the Pentagon after being hijacked, killing all aboard as well as over a hundred people within the Pentagon. The flight penetrated three of the five rings of the Pentagon. Because the affected area was under renovation at the time, several offices were unoccupied, sparing many lives. The aircraft struck on the edge between two sections—one of which had just finished being upgraded.
http://baltimore.indymedia.org/mod/comments/display/15867/index.php
BALOCHISTAN : Petition seeking end to gas supply to Punjab province
_________________________________
June 20, 2007
Pakistan : Petition seeking end to gas supply to Punjab province
Petition seeking end to gas supply to Punjab: PHC seeks comments from government, OGDCL, SNGPL
By Akhtar Amin
www.dailytimes.com.pk/
PESHAWAR: The Peshawar High Court (PHC) on Tuesday sought written comments from the federal government, the Oil and Gas Development Company Ltd (OGDCL) and the Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) in a writ petition seeking discontinuation of gas supply to other provinces from Shakardara and Gorguri gas fields in Southern NWFP districts until gas was supplied to local people.
A PHC division bench, consisting of Justice Dost Mohammad Khan and Justice Salim Khan, also issued notices to Attorney General (AG) Makhdoom Ali Khan and NWFP Advocate General (AG) Pir Liaqat Shah to assist the court in the case. Kohat District Nazim Gohar Saifullah and 44 other local government representatives had moved a petition against the government for supplying natural gas from Shakardara gas fields in Kohat district and Gorguri gas fields in Karak district. They stated that according to Article 158 of the Constitution, gas should first be supplied to people of Kohat and Karak districts, and then to other parts of the country.
The SNGPL’s lawyer, Sardar Khan, told the court that the company should be exempted of the case, as the company was only supplying gas in accordance with government’s demands. He also contended that the fields’ production was 76 million cusec feet and it could not fulfil the province’s requirements.
Justice Dost Mohammad Khan observed that the government and the OGDCL should facilitate citizens, rather than creating further problems for them.
“If the government distributes resources more equitably, nobody will register any complaint against it. Today every province is protesting the unjust distribution of resources,” Justice Khan said. The court asked the federal government, the provincial government and the OGDCL to submit their written comments before the next hearing, otherwise their right of hearing would be forfeited. Earlier, the respondents had failed to submit their comments in the case.
In previous hearing of the case, Advocate Syed Iftikhar Gillani, who appeared on behalf of the petitioners, contended that the government was violating Article 158 of the Constitution. He said Article 158, which was incorporated in the 1973 Constitution after discovery of natural gas in Balochistan, read, “The province with natural gas recourses shall have precedence over other parts of the Pakistan in meeting its requirements from the resources, subject to the commitments and obligations as on the commencing day.”
The petitioners stated that under the law, the government should provide gas to the resource-rich districts first, and later to province’s other areas and other parts of the country.
They said the natural gas and oil produced from oilfields in NWFP were directly being supplied to other parts of the country and mostly to Kala Shakako factories in Lahore, while locals were deprived of the gas. They requested the court to stop the gas supply from the two districts till disposal of the petition. The petitioners’ lawyers had requested the bench to impose a Rs 500,000 fine on the federal government, OGDCL and SNGPL as they had failed to submit their comments in the case. There are three gas fields in Shakardara bordering Punjab’s Mianwali district, and gas from Shakardara is being supplied to other parts of the country. Similarly, gas is also supplied from Gorguri gas fields to other parts of the country. The petitioners said the federal government had inked an agreement with the NWFP government to provide gas to all areas of the two districts by December 2006, and then the rest of the province.
http://aaiil.org/text/articles/others/truemeaningjihad.shtml
True Meaning of Jihad :
Compiled by Imam Kalamazad Mohammed; Published by the Muslim Literary Trust, Trinidad
"What amazes me is that in this age when no one kills a Muslim because of his religion, under what command do Muslims kill other people who have not even committed a crime against them? Why do their maulvis not forbid them these unlawful actions which sully the name of Islam? Look at how Muslims have enjoyed such peace under this British Government. Can anyone truly estimate this blessing?
Today there are many people still alive who would have experienced the era of Sikh domination. Now, let them truthfully describe the plight of Muslims and Islam in the reign of the Sikhs. The adhan (call to prayer), an essential observance in Islam, was itself considered a kind of crime. Was it possible for anyone to give the call to prayer in a loud voice and still escape the spears and lances of the Sikhs? Tell us, has Allah now done an evil thing by liberating us from the draconian rule of the Sikhs and placing us under the peaceful sovereignty of the British Government? (As soon as this Government took control, Muslims in the Punjab once more started to enjoy respect and peace.) As the reward for goodness is goodness, we must, therefore, never disdainfully reject this favour we received from Allah ? the replacing of Sikh rule, something for which we had made countless supplications."
Indeed, there is a method that is now running through my mind and that is directed to the venerable Amir of Kabul whose awesome dignity has so great an influence on the people of Afghanistan the like of which perhaps no former Afghan Amir has enjoyed. My proposal is that the honourable Amir should gather all the well-known religious leaders ('ulama) at a central location to debate the question of jihad and through them the common people may be warned of their errors (concerning jihad). Further, if a few pamphlets in the Pushto language are prepared by these leaders and are widely published in this country then there is no doubt that this procedure will have a deep influence on the minds of people and that passion which the ignorant mullahs (religious divines) have incited in the common folk will gradually disappear. Without doubt, the revered Amir's own subjects will suffer a great misfortune if he does not direct his attention to this important reformation and the ultimate result will be problems for any government itself if it remains silent on such pronouncements from the mullahs.
For nowadays it is the habit of these mullahs and maulvis to brand a person or a group as unbelievers for the slightest difference of opinion on a religious matter and the same pronouncement (fatwa) on jihad etc. they have made against the real unbelievers is extended to this person or group.
Thus, in this regard, the Amir Sahib himself cannot be safe from these pronouncements for it is possible that at any given time these mullahs may become annoyed with him on an insignificant matter and throw him, too, out of the pale of Islam and sanction a pronouncement of jihad against him similar to the kind they are accustomed writing against unbelievers.
Without doubt, those people in whose hands lie the making of believers and unbelievers and the issuing of declarations of jihad against them are a very dangerous group about whom the Amir Sahib should not be complacent for they are indubitably the source of sedition against every government. The helpless common people are under their control and the lever of their hearts lies in their hands. They may turn their hands in any direction they choose and immediately raise a fearsome tumult.
Therefore, it is not a sinful thing if the simple-minded masses are freed from the clutches of these mullahs and are gently made to understand the true meaning of jihad.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~hrahman/
In September 1974, the National Assembly and the senate passed the constitution’s Second Amendment, which stated that “non-believers in the absolute and unqualified finality” of the prophet Mohammad would not be considered Muslims (Khan 225). In defense of the constitutional amendment, Bhutto stated “that previous regimes have suppressed the problem rather than resolving it…Pakistan is a Muslim state, it came into being because the Muslims of the sub-continent wanted a separate homeland” (Kaushik 51). After the change in the constitution, Bhutto gained support from the fundamentalist religious groups who commended him for his policies against the Ahmadiyya people. After the reform of the second constitution, leading ulama and various religious groups felt that the reform was the beginning of an implementation of a series of changes and not a conclusion to the “Ahmadiyya problem”. Warnings were issued to the Ahmadiyya community which gave the Ahmadiyya an ultimatum. They were either to acknowledge Prophet Mohammad as the last prophet or they should depart Pakistan (Kaushik 52). Even though Bhutto consented to the requests of the fundamentalist groups in terms of implementing anti-Ahmadiyya policies, he was eventually forced out of office by the same factions. With the support of the Paksitan National Alliance (PNA), the chief of the Army Staff, General Zia-ul-Haque removed Bhutto from office (Kennedy 63). In turn, he was to be the next General Head of the Pakistani Government.
The period of Haque’s rule is often referred to as a time of “Islamization in Pakistan.” During Zia’s rule, the goal of his government was to transform Pakistan into a “truly Islamic” nation. Zia promised rapid and thorough interjection of Islam in the political arena (Kennedy 65). Not surprisingly, Haque’s term in office would prove to be the harshest in its policies against Ahmadis. After the inauguration of Haque as President, one of the first political changes regarding minorities was the replacement of the joint-electorates by a separate electorate system for non-Muslim minorities (Kaushik 58). The novel system stated that only Muslims voters could vote for Muslim seats and similarly the non-Muslim community would only be able to vote for minority seats on the basis of direct vote. Thus, the representations of minorities in office would be minimal. After this amendment was put into place, the seats in the National and provincial assemblies consisted of 200 Muslim seats, 8 minority seats and 10 seats reserved for women (Kaushik 59). This further decreased the Ahmadiyya participation in the Pakistani government and encouraged implementation of stricter rules on the Ahmadis. The members of the All-Pakistan Khatam-e-Nabuwat conference held on September 8, 1982 requested that General Zia enforce a Martial law ordinance to make it illegal for the Ahmadiyya community to refer to themselves as “Muslims” and to instead label themselves “Ahmadiyya Muslims” (Kaushik 62). In this way, the Ahmadiyya community was systematically removed from the Islamic sphere in Pakistan.
A cluster of fundamentalist groups collaborated and organized The Khatam-e-Nabuwat conference in January 1984, where it was demanded that certain policies regarding Ahmadiyyas be implemented in Pakistani law (Khaushik 63). A spokesperson at the conference insisted that officials should practice “immediate implementation of the Islamic punishment for apostasy which is not less than death sentence; complete ban on the publication and distribution of Ahmadiyya literature; and immediate steps be taken to check the anti-national activities of the Ahmadiyyas” (Kaushik 63). Conservative groups continued to escalate the pressure to implement policies they desired. In February 1984, the orthodox Ulama warned the government that if their demands were not met by 30 April 1984, they would commence a national anti-Ahmadiyya movement (Kaushik 64). During the same month, Maulana Zaihid addressed the All Paksitan Khatam-i-Nabuwat conference in Lahore and demanded that the government demolish Ahmadiyya place of worship (Kaushik 64). As a direct result of heavy pressure by the fundamentalist groups, on April 26, 1984, two brand new sections were introduced in the Pakistani Penal code as part of the Martial Law Ordinance XX. These outlawed calling the Ahmadiyya place of worship a mosque and prohibited the Ahmadiyya community from the calling of prayer (Khan 227).
Due to Intense pressure from the MTKN, the Punjabi government told the commissioner in Punjab to erase the kalima (testification of the Islamic faith) from the Ahmadiyya place of worship (Kaushik 69). In 1986, Ordinance XX was enhanced into what is also known as the “blasphemy law”, section 295-C of the Pakistani penal code was amended and the penalty against blasphemy was increased from a fine or imprisonment to death (Khan 228). Since the Ahmadi belief in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was considered blasphemous, their mere existence as practicing Ahmadis could be considered correspondingly blasphemous and thereby punishable by death. After the implementation of this law, the Ahmadiyya community could not even acknowledge their faith in trepidation of indirectly or directly posing as a Muslim.
DRAINAGE OF RAIN WATER.THEIR IS A HOLE IN THE CEILING OF THE CAVE TO BRING IN SUNLIGHT.
SUCH WAS THE AUSTERE HUMBLE CUSTOMS OF THE RAM AGE THAT THERE IS A LOK KATHA THAT SITAJI FROM HER CAVE USED TO SEND THE JUICE OF FRUITS AND KANDMUL MIXED IN HONEY TO LAKHSHMAN'S CAVE THROUGH THE CONNECTING DRAIN. FROM THE TEMPLE THERE IS A WIDE ROAD TO REACH THE CAVES CALLED HATHI POL WHICH IS 180 FEET LONG.THE APTLY NAMED ELEPHANT ROAD IS BEFITTING ITS SIZE AND IN THE CORNER THE RAIN WATER FALLING IN DROPLETS FROM THE ROOF ON TO THE EARTH HAVE NATURALLY CARVED OUT A BOWL SHAPED HOLE.
RESEARCH OF THE CAVES.
TO ORIENT THE CAVES AS A NATIONAL PAINTING AND ART HERITAGE THE JOGIMARA CAVES WERE VISITED IN FEBUARY1914 A.D. BY MAVE COLLEGE PRINCIPAL-SHRIMENDRA NATH GUPTA AND ASIT KUMAR HALDHAR (EXPRINCIPAL OF LUCKNOW ARTS SCHOOL) WITH THE AIM OF MAKING COPIES OF THE PAINTINGS, WHICH WOULD BE PRESERVED BY THE GOVERNMENT AS FURTHER DETERIORATION WOULD LOSE IMPORTANT DOCUMENTATION OF THE IMMORTAL SKETCHES. THEY WERE WELCOMED ON THE PENDRA STATION BY THE SUPERIENDENT OF THE PURATATVA-ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT CALLED LT.BLAKESTON. WHO HELPED THEM IN THE DOCUMENTATION OF THE CAVES AND PAINTINGS.THIS WAS DOCUMENTED BY ASIT KUMAR HALDHAR.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CAVES THE SITA AND LAKHSHAMAN CAVES HAVE NO PAINTINGS.THE PAINTINGS ARE ALL IN JOGIMARA CAVES.THE PAINTINGS ARE DIVIDED INTO SEVEN GROUPS.THESE CAVES AREIMPORTANT FROM STANDPOINT OF VAASTU AND ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT INDIA.
1ST-THE ROOF OF THE JOGIMARA CAVES HAS 7 PAINTINGS, STARTING FROM THE RIGHT SIDE..IN THE FIRST SECTION THEIR ARE HUMAN FORMS.THERE IS AN ELEPHANT AND A FISH.SOME WAVES ARE RISING AROUND THE FISH.THERE IS A MOVEMENT ,RHYTHM REVELERY AND,LIGHTHEARTEDNESS (CHANCHALTA)IN THIS CHITRA.THE COLOURS USED ARE RED ,WHITE AND BLACK.
2.IN THE SECOND CHITRA THERE ARE PEOPLE SITTING UNDER A TREE. SURPRISINGLY THE TREE AND ITS LEAVES ARE DEPICTED IN RED..THERE ARE ONLY A FEW LEAVES ON THE TREE..THE THEME OF THIS PAINTING IS UNCLEAR TO DATE BUT SOME THEORISTS OPINION THAT THIS CHITRA IS SYMBOLIC AND DEPICT THE FEELINGS AND SENTIMENTS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SOCIETY.
3RD .THE THIRD SECTION HAS A WHITE BACKGROUND WITH A LILY FLOWER MADE OF BLACK COLOUR LINES ADORNING IT.A YOUNG COUPLE IS DEPICTED IN RED DANCING ON THE LILY FLOWER.THIS CHITRA IS ALSO REPRESENTATIVE OF SOCIETY AND SHOWS THE KINGLY FLAVOUR ABUNDANT AT THAT TIME.THIS CHITRA LIES IN A RAVAGED STATE.
4TH THE THEME OF THE 4TH CHITRA IS STRANGE.THERE ARE SMALL DOLLS HAVING UNSYMMETRICAL BODIES AND THEREFORE. UNMOTN ATED AND COMIC. THIS IS ALSO DRAWN IN BLACK LINES.ON THE TOP OF THE CHITRA IS A BIRD HAVING A SINGLE BEAK.THE TOPIC MAY HAVE BEEN PREEMPTORY.AS WORDS ARE SOMETIMES SEMANTIC.
5TH. THIS PAINTING IS IMPORTANT IN SUBJECT AND ART.IN THIS A DANCER IS SITTING ON THE GROUND.ALL AROUND HER OTHER DANCERS AND MUSICIANS AND SINGERS ARE IN RHYTHMIC UNISON OF REVELRY . .THE THEME IS INTERESTING AND THE MERRYMAKING SYMBOLIC AND DEPICTIVE OF THE PROSPEROUS ANCIENT TIMES. THE PAINTING IS DEPICTIVE OF SOME FESTIVAL OR OCCASION OF PROSPERITY, CALLING FOR MERRYMAKING.
6TH AND 7TH.-THE PAINTINGS ARE NOT VERY CLEAR BUT RESEMBLE THE PRAYER ROOMS OF AJANTA.THERE ARE CHARIOTS IN THESE PAINTINGS.IT IS POPULAR OPINION THAT ALL THE PAINTINGS ARE CONNECTED IN SOME WAY TO THE LIVES OF SITA AND RAM.IN ONE PAINTING SlTAJI IS SHOWN COOKING.THERE ARE OTHER CAVES WHICH ARE UNAPPROACHABLE.ONE CAVE IS IN THE SHAPE OF AN EYE.THE ORIGINALITY OF THE CAVES AND THEIR PAINTINGS ARE UNSURPASSABLE.
THE WALL PAINTINGS ARE NOT ON BASES OF MUD OR COWDUNG OR STRAW OR GUM BUT PLAINLY THEY HAVE A WHITE BACKGROUND PLASTER..THEN INDIGENEOUS COLOURS LIKE RED,YELLOW AND BLACK HAVE BEEN USED.THE HAND ETCHINGS ARE DEFT AND FULL OF INSPIRATION AND IMAGINATION THE MAIN CLASSIC DEPfH AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PAINTINGS LIES IN THE INSCRIPTIONS ACCOMPANYING THEM.
IN ONE INSCRIPTION IS THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN THE SCULPTOR AND DANCER, FULL OF LOVE IMBUED EPITHETS.ARCHEOLOGISTS DESCRIBE IT AS THE WORLD'S FIRST DOCUMENTED MESSAGE OF LOVE.
THOUGH NOW FAIRLY VISIBLE,THE INSCRIPTIONS SPEAK VOLUMES ABOUT THE INTENSITY OF LOVE BETWEEN SUTNUKA AND DEVDUTTA.,WHO ARCHEOLOGISTS BELIEVED USED TO WATCH HIS BELOVED DANCE IN THIS THEATRE.
THE SITA BHANGARA CAVE AND ADJOINING JOGIMARA CAVES WERE MADE BY CUTTING THE RAMGARH HILLS OR THE ANCIENT RAMGIRI RANGES. THE AMPHITHEATRE IS 45FT LONG, 15 FT.WIDE AND 6FT HIGH. CIRCULAR IN SHAPE IT HAS STRAIGHT WALLS AND A POLISHED ROOF..THIS WAS PROBABLY USED AS A GALLERY WHERE THE KING OR QUEEN WOULD SIT TO WATCH THE SHOW ,HELD ON A PLATFORM IN FRONT OF IT BUT LOWER THAN THE GALLERY.THIS AGAIN WAS MADE BY CUTTING INTO THE MOUNTAIN. STEPS WERE CARVED ON THE SIDES FOR THE AUDIENCES. DURING THE ANCIENT TIMES AFTER THE PUJA AND AARTI OF THE DEITIES A DANCER DEFT IN THE ANCIENT ART FORMS WOULD PERFORM FOR THE INVOKING OF THE BLESSINGS OF THE BENEDICTORY SUPREME POWERS AND THE CONCEPT OF DEVDASI WAS PREVALENT.
THE PICTURES ALL DEPICT THE SOCIAL SYS1EM ACCORDING TO VINCENT SMITH THERE ARE SOME NAKED FORMS TOO, WHICH SEEM TO BE RELATED TO JAINISM,AS ALSO ACCORDING TORAIKRISHANDAS. BUT THE UNDERLYING GIST OF THESE PICTURES IS STILL UNCLEAR AND STRANGE..ACCORDING TO ASIT KUMAR HALDHAR RAMGARH RANGES ARE THE SAME RANGES WHICH HAVE BEEN CALLED RAMGIRI RANGES BY KALIDAS IN HIS MEGHDOOT..THERE IS A NEED FOR ORIENTATION TOGETHER IN THE FIELDS OF HISTORY ,LITERATURE AND FINE ARTS.SYMBOLISM HAS BEEN USED TO EXPRESS RELIGION AND LIFE.THE TOPICS AND SUBJECT MATTER IS TOTALLY OF THE EPIC RAMAYANA WITH A PURE BLENDING OF THE SPIRITUAL AND THE RELIGIOUS-VERY DOWN TO EARTH AND SANSARIK.INDIAN PHILOSOPHY ,RELIGION AND SANSKRITI ARE VERY WELL DEPIC1ED IN THE JOGIMARA CAVES.
THIS ARTICLE IS FOR THE BETTERMENT OF TOURISM AND THENCE THE ECONOMY OF CHATIISGARH AND IN LINE WITH THE CHIEF MINISTER'S EFFORTS TO PROMOTE THE HISTORIC SITE GLOBALLY.
MAMTA DHODY KALRA, SITA SMIRITI, 1513,OUTRAM LANE, DR. MUKHERJEE NAGAR,
DELHI-II0009.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambikapur
Tourism Highlights:
The excavations of various heritage monuments have added to Ambikapur's significance. Historians have found that some of the archaeological ruins and temples here date to an era before Christ. The Jogimara Caves here are an example of one of the world's first ever inscriptions on love. Historians also believe that the great Sanskrit poet Kalidasa may have spent some time in the Ramgiri mountains while he was working on his epic `Meghdoot', written sometime between the 16th and 17th century.
Among the significant temples are Mahamaya Temple located east of Ambikapur, Shivpur Shiv temple, Budha Temple at Mainpat, and the Nageshwar Shiv Temple; while other samples of ancient sculpture can be seen at Ramgarh, Kudargarh and Dipadih.
Rakasganda, Sitabengara, Tattapani are spots famous for hot water springs while the Semarsot Kailash gufaa has a natural shiva ling in a cave and a spectacular water fall.
Among outdoor tourist attractions are Deogarh, Ramgarh Hill, Thin-Thini Patthar, Pawai Water Fall, Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary and Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary.
Tourism Info:
Chhattisgarh Tourism Board,
Paryatan Bhavan,
Indira Gandi Marg,
Raipur, 492006,
Chhattisgarh,
Phone : 91-771-4066 415
Fax : 91-771-4066 425
